Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Coronary Arteries Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
| Author | Mahmood Beheshti Monfared | en |
| Author | Atoosa Gharib | en |
| Author | Sahand Abrishami | en |
| Orcid | Mahmood Beheshti Monfared [0000-0002-1874-4273] | en |
| Accessioned Date | 2026-08-21T09:52:56Z | |
| Issued Date | 2026-06-30 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Many patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation before subsequently requiring CABG. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the coronary artery walls of CABG candidates with and without a history of PCI. Methods: In this case-control study, patients with CAD undergoing CABG were allocated to two groups based on their history of PCI. During surgery, coronary artery tissue specimens were obtained from the arteriotomy edge at the distal anastomotic site. Histopathological evaluation included assessment of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial injury, extracellular matrix degradation, and immunohistochemical expression of CD68, CD45RO, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The frequencies of these pathological features were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients with a history of PCI exhibited significantly higher expression of the inflammatory markers CD68 and CD45RO and the proliferative marker α-SMA than the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the groups in extracellular matrix degradation, collagen content, or the severity of endothelial injury. Furthermore, the timing of intervention (urgent vs emergent) was not associated with the extent of histopathological changes. Conclusions: PCI before CABG was associated with an active inflammatory state and an enhanced proliferative response in the coronary artery wall. These changes occurred in the absence of substantial structural disruption of the extracellular matrix, suggesting that coronary stenting induces persistent immune activation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation rather than overt tissue destruction. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/intjcardiovascpract-173339 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/ijcp/articles/173339 | en |
| URI | https://repository.brieflands.com/handle/123456789/68126 | |
| Keyword | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) | en |
| Keyword | Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) | en |
| Keyword | Histopathology | en |
| Keyword | Stenting | en |
| Keyword | Inflammation | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Coronary Arteries Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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