Validity and Reliability: Examining the Psychometric Properties of Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire in Iranian Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

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AuthorMehdi Easapour Moghadamen
AuthorEsmaeil Mousavi Aslen
AuthorAli Kardoonien
AuthorSadegh Davarpanahen
OrcidEsmaeil Mousavi Asl [0000-0002-1322-5423]en
Issued Date2026-04-30en
AbstractBackground: Prior to implementing behavioral strategies, it is crucial to recognize the key obstacles that interfere with consistent engagement in physical activity by individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease. In Iran, there is no reliable and valid clinical tool for assessing barriers that prevent physical activity in coronary artery disease patients. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to adapt and validate the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire for assessing perceived challenges to routine physical activity among coronary artery disease patients, thereby guiding upcoming interventions and tailoring effective clinical follow-up strategies for secondary prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional design with a psychometric approach was employed for this research. All individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease in Ahvaz city constituted the study's statistical population. They were chosen through convenience sampling in 1403 and completed the Persian adaptation of the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire, the Social Support Perception Questionnaire, the DASS-21 scale, and the Cardiac Self-efficacy Questionnaire. The construct validity of the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire was established through confirmatory factor analysis as well as convergent and divergent validity testing. The reliability evaluation of the questionnaire included Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 27 and Lisrel 10. Results: The study included 242 participants (51.2% female, mean age of 56.451 ± 2.77, range=23-86). Although females reported higher physical activity barriers scores, gender differences were non-significant (P < 0.05). The results supported the unidimensional model of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire. The BAPAC scale showed internal consistency, as indicated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.71 for all participants. To assess convergent validity of the BAPAC, this instrument was evaluated by examining the correlation with the Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Questionnaire, and the divergent validity of the BAPAC was evaluated by examining the correlation with the Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale and the Multidimensional Perception of Social Support Scale, confirming both convergent and divergent validity. Conclusions: Results confirmed that the BAPAC questionnaire adheres to a single-factor structure. Regarding construct validity and reliability, the BAPAC questionnaire has the necessary psychometric properties to correctly assess barriers to regular physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease. The Persian version of the BAPAC questionnaire can be used in research and clinical fields related to obstacles to physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Physicians and specialists should pay attention to barriers to physical activity as an important factor to improve the physical activity of their clients and can use this tool for therapeutic purposes.en
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc-163772en
URIhttps://brieflands.com/journals/jjcdc/articles/163772en
KeywordCoronary Artery Diseaseen
KeywordValidityen
KeywordReliabilityen
KeywordPhysical Activityen
KeywordPsychometricen
PublisherBrieflandsen
TitleValidity and Reliability: Examining the Psychometric Properties of Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire in Iranian Patients with Coronary Artery Diseaseen
TypeResearch Articleen

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