Baseline Total Protein as a Prognostic Biomarker for Progression-Free Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
| Author | Samareh Younesian | en |
| Author | Sayeh Parkhideh | en |
| Author | Sahar Parkhideh | en |
| Author | Sahar Tavakkoli Shiraji | en |
| Author | Ommolbanin Younesian | en |
| Author | Shaghayegh Shahsavan | en |
| Author | Marjan Asadi | en |
| Author | Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi | en |
| Author | Davood Bashash | en |
| Orcid | Samareh Younesian [0000-0002-2049-7689] | en |
| Orcid | Sayeh Parkhideh [0000-0002-5200-8915] | en |
| Orcid | Sahar Parkhideh [0000-0001-7846-3222] | en |
| Orcid | Sahar Tavakkoli Shiraji [0000-0001-5577-5784] | en |
| Orcid | Ommolbanin Younesian [0000-0002-7424-8485] | en |
| Orcid | Shaghayegh Shahsavan [0000-0003-4507-6239] | en |
| Orcid | Marjan Asadi [0000-0003-2789-8271] | en |
| Orcid | Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi [0000-0002-8697-1371] | en |
| Orcid | Davood Bashash [0000-0002-8029-4920] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-12-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Albumin and the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) are established prognostic markers in multiple myeloma (MM); however, the prognostic value of baseline serum total protein in patients with MM undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the prognostic significance of baseline total protein for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with MM undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with MM who underwent ASCT between 2023 and 2025 at the Stem Cell Transplant Research Center of Taleghani Hospital were included. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates stratified by baseline total protein levels and Cox proportional hazards models. Patients were followed for a median of 19 months (range, 10.5 - 32 months). Results: Higher baseline total protein was significantly associated with inferior PFS (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.08 - 4.08; P = 0.028). Patients with total protein > 9 g/dL had significantly shorter PFS and 12-month PFS than those with total protein ≤ 9 g/dL (log-rank test; P = 0.008 and P = 0.029, respectively). A trend toward inferior OS was observed (log-rank test; P = 0.052). Elevated total protein was strongly correlated with M-protein and globulin levels and was associated with lower hemoglobin levels and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Conclusions: Higher baseline total protein is associated with inferior PFS in patients with MM undergoing ASCT. Given its simplicity and universal availability, it may serve as a cost-effective and accessible prognostic marker at the time of diagnosis. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate its independent prognostic value. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-170651 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/ijcm/articles/170651 | en |
| Keyword | Multiple Myeloma | en |
| Keyword | Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation | en |
| Keyword | Baseline Total Protein | en |
| Keyword | Progression-Free Survival | en |
| Keyword | Prognostic Biomarker | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Baseline Total Protein as a Prognostic Biomarker for Progression-Free Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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