Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child with Brucellosis

Abstract

Brucellosis, with multi-organ involvement, is recognized as a zoonotic infection in Iran. This infection has multiple signs and symptoms. On the other hand, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is described as an uncommon disorder. The secondary type of this disease may be associated with infection. However, the association between HLH and brucellosis has been rarely reported, especially in pediatric populations. Herein, we present a pediatric case of secondary HLH associated with brucellosis. Based on our findings, HLH should be considered in patients diagnosed with brucellosis with profound cytopenia and increased spleen size despite treatment.