Involvement of Four Different Intracellular Sites in Chloroacetaldehyde- Induced Oxidative Stress Cytotoxicity

Abstract

Chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide).