Comparative Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Albendazole Loaded in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Microemulsion in Hepatic and Pulmonary Tissues of Experimental Hydatidosis Murine Models

Abstract

Background: Pharmacological intervention plays a critical role in managing cystic echinococcosis, both preoperatively and postoperatively, to reduce the risk of recurrence and treat inoperable cases. Therefore, enhancing therapeutic efficacy against hydatid cysts through novel albendazole (ABZ) formulations is essential. Objectives: This study evaluated the tissue-specific drug absorption profiles of ABZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ABZ-SLNs) and microemulsions (ABZ-MEs) in a BALB/c mouse model of experimental hydatidosis, with the aim of improving tissue drug uptake through nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Methods: Twenty-five male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with viable Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices isolated from sheep hepatic hydatid cysts. After a 6-month infection establishment period, the animals were stratified into 5 randomized groups (n = 5/group). The study groups received daily oral gavage with albendazole suspension, ABZ-ME, or ABZ-SLN at 20 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Subsequently, hepatic and pulmonary tissues were harvested, and the amount of drug extracted from the tissues was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Both ABZ-SLN and ABZ-ME had particle sizes < 150 nm, drug loading > 60%, and sustained-release profiles. Tissue ABZ levels were significantly higher with ABZ-SLN and ABZ-ME than with the aqueous suspension (P < 0.05), and pulmonary concentrations exceeded hepatic levels for all formulations. Conclusions: ABZ-SLN and ABZ-ME significantly enhanced ABZ distribution and tissue uptake, which were attributed to their lipid nature and nanoscale particle size. Their sustained-release profiles suggest that these formulations act as drug depots and enhance systemic therapeutic delivery.