Work–Family Conflict Among Female Healthcare Workers: Prevalence, Predictors, and Psychosocial Implications

Abstract

Context: The evolving roles of women and their increasing participation in the workforce have increased their exposure to work–family conflict and its adverse outcomes. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of work–family conflict and its predictors among women employed in the healthcare sector in northeastern Iran. Evidence Acquisition: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 2024 to 2025 among 251 female healthcare workers at the Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Netemeyer Work-Family Conflict Scale. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 24, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The mean work–family conflict score among participants was moderate (25.17 ± 7.97). Higher levels of work–family conflict were significantly associated with a higher education level, job satisfaction, a history of depression, and shift work (P < 0.001). In the generalized linear model, a history of depression (P = 0.03), job satisfaction (P = 0.001), and shift work (P < 0.001) were identified as significant predictors of work–family conflict. Conclusions: Based on these results, organizations should implement supportive programs and flexible work policies to reduce conflict and improve female healthcare workers’ mental health.