BRCA2 Gene Expression vs. CA15-3 Levels in Breast Cancer Grades: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy globally, with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Molecular features, including BRCA2 gene expression and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) tumor marker levels, are crucial for understanding disease behavior and prognosis. Objectives: The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between BRCA2 gene expression, CA15-3 tumor marker levels, and BC grades. Methods: A total of 70 patients with BC were recruited from Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. BRCA2 gene expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR, and CA15-3 tumor marker levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system. Patient demographics, cancer stages, and familial cancer history were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between biomarkers and cancer characteristics. Results: BRCA2 gene expression was observed in 20% of patients, with higher frequencies in cases with a history of breast and ovarian cancer and familial cancer history. The CA15-3 tumor marker levels showed significant associations with age, cancer history, and familial cancer history. Both BRCA2 gene expression and CA15-3 levels increased with advancing disease stages. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of biomarkers in BC diagnosis and prognosis. BRCA2 gene expression and CA15-3 tumor marker levels correlate with disease severity, suggesting their potential utility in disease monitoring and treatment decision-making. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional biomarkers in BC management.