Vitamin D Deficiency and Receptor Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for COVID-19
| Author | Nur Efe Iris | en |
| Author | Ozlem Akman | en |
| Author | Demet Akin | en |
| Author | Palmet Gun Atak | en |
| Author | Ahmed Cihad Genc | en |
| Author | Funda Simsek | en |
| Author | Taner Yildirmak | en |
| Author | Gunnur Demircan | en |
| Orcid | Nur Efe Iris [0000-0002-4859-0009] | en |
| Issued Date | 2023-10-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Early immune responses to COVID-19 can help eliminate the virus; therefore, strategies to improve the immune system have become important in disease prevention. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by increasing the expression of the vitamin D receptor. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency, Fok 1, and Taq 1 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and comorbidities on the susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods: Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms were analyzed using the RT-PCR method, and vitamin D levels were measured using the chemiluminescence method. A total of 200 patients, 100 with COVID-19 and 100 without, provided blood samples for analysis. Results: The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly lower mean vitamin D level of 16.2 ± 11.3 ng/mL compared to the COVID-19 negative control group, 26.7 ± 15.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Individuals with a vitamin D level below 18.4 ng/mL had a 2.448 times higher risk of COVID-19 positivity (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the Fok1 and Taq1 gene polymorphisms between the two groups. (P = 0.548 and P = 0.098). The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly higher number of comorbid diseases with 40 (40%) compared to the negative group with 10 (10%) participants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Levels of vitamin D above the cut-off value of 18.4 ng/mL were found to protect against COVID-19, while the presence of comorbid diseases was identified as a risk factor. However, no association was observed between the Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-140726 | en |
| Keyword | Vitamin D Deficiency | en |
| Keyword | COVID-19 Receptors | en |
| Keyword | Calcitriol | en |
| Keyword | Genetic Polymorphism | en |
| Keyword | Comorbidity | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Vitamin D Deficiency and Receptor Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for COVID-19 | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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