The Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Managing Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Context: Previous studies have introduced telemedicine as a cost-effective and accessible approach for managing male sexual dysfunction (MSD). However, existing evidence remains fragmented and lacks a systematic synthesis regarding the efficacy of these interventions across different types of dysfunctions. Methods: This study is a systematic review conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2006 to January 30, 2025. A structured, population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO)-based search strategy was used to comprehensively evaluate the relevant literature. Various telemedicine delivery methods, including web-based platforms, phone consultations, video conferencing, and mobile applications, were considered. The primary assessed outcomes included sexual satisfaction and overall sexual function. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing sexual satisfaction or overall sexual function in adult men. Exclusion criteria encompassed studies without original data, reviews, protocols, quasi-experimental studies, and those focusing on female sexual dysfunction or non-telemedicine interventions. The quality and risk of bias (RoB) of the included studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for randomized studies and the RoB tool. Results: A total of 286 studies were initially identified through database searches, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria after screening. These 10 studies were conducted in the USA (n = 1), Iran (n = 2), Australia (n = 2), Italy (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 1), and Sweden (n = 2). Most studies reported significant improvements in erectile function [in men with erectile dysfunction (ED)], sexual satisfaction, as well as reductions in premature ejaculation (PE, in men with PE) and enhancement of sexual self-confidence. However, the magnitude and specific outcomes varied across studies due to differences in intervention types and study populations. The interventions included therapeutic treatments, self-help programs, and consultative services delivered via various telemedicine platforms. Conclusions: Telemedicine demonstrates significant potential in improving key aspects of MSD, particularly erectile function and sexual satisfaction. Despite variability in outcomes across different intervention approaches, findings consistently support telemedicine as an effective alternative to conventional care. Future research should focus on standardizing intervention protocols and exploring long-term efficacy.