Contributions of External Attentional Focus, Enhanced Expectancies and Autonomy Support to Enhance Learning Skills of Throwing Darts
| Author | parisa amoorezae | en |
| Author | Elahe Arab Ameri | en |
| Author | Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni | en |
| Orcid | Elahe Arab Ameri [0000-0001-5948-7288] | en |
| Orcid | Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni [0000-0002-0875-3993] | en |
| Issued Date | 2020-05-31 | en |
| Abstract | Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of attention (external focus) and internal motivation (autonomy support and enhanced expectancies) on learning the skill of throwing darts.Methods: For this purpose, 60 women participated in the study. our study included 4 groups: a) autonomy support - external focus (AS-EF); b) enhanced expectancies - external focus (EE-EF); C) enhanced expectancies - autonomy support (EE-AS); and d) enhanced expectancies - autonomy support - external focus (EE-AS-EF). Participants were asked to throw darts at a target with their non-dominant arm. In the EE conditions, they received (false) positive social-comparative feedback. In the AS conditions, they were allowed to throw 5 of 10 trials in each block with their dominant arm chosen by them. In the EF conditions, participants were asked to focus on the target. on the post-test after the end of the training period and retention and transfer test 24 hours after practice, the AS-EE-EF group had the highest accuracy scores and outperformed all other groups.Results: The results of the between-group comparison for throwing accuracy showed that the EE-AS-EF group was a significant difference compared to the other groups.Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and an external focus can contribute in an additive style to optimize motor performance and learning. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.29252/ijmcl.2.2.42 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jmcl/articles/146516 | en |
| Keyword | External Focus | en |
| Keyword | Internal Motivation | en |
| Keyword | Autonomy | en |
| Keyword | Motor Performance | en |
| Keyword | Darts | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Contributions of External Attentional Focus, Enhanced Expectancies and Autonomy Support to Enhance Learning Skills of Throwing Darts | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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