Effect of Selected-Exercise-Rehabilitation on Long-Term Fatigue Related to Infectious Disease: Post-COVID-19 Fatigue

Abstract

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), a complication following SARS-CoV-2 infection, frequently manifests as persistent fatigue. Exercise rehabilitation may offer a strategy to combat PASC. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week selected-exercise-rehabilitation (SER) program on fatigue, inflammatory markers, physical function, and mental health in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: COVID-19 survivors with pulmonary damage and experiencing fatigue were recruited from Al Zahra Hospital and randomized into an experimental (SER program; online and in-person delivery) or a control group. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 8 weeks, including: White blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), handgrip strength, two-minute walk test, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, Chalder Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and a Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: Statistical analysis (SPSS) revealed significant improvements across all measured variables within the SER group following the intervention (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, participants in the SER group showed significantly greater improvements in inflammatory markers, physical function, fatigue, depression scores, and quality of life at the 8-week follow-up (P < 0.001). Conclusions: An 8-week SER program significantly reduced fatigue and inflammation while improving physical function and mental well-being in COVID-19 survivors with prior pulmonary damage. These results support the potential use of personalized SER, initiated early post-infection, as a therapeutic approach to manage long-term fatigue following COVID-19 and potentially other infectious diseases.