Advancements in Digital Pathology and Whole Slide Imaging: Technical Challenges and Emerging Technologies

Abstract

Context: Whole-slide imaging (WSI) systems are a cornerstone of artificial intelligence applications in digital pathology. This report provides an in-depth overview of recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of WSI technology for diagnostic pathology and academic research. Evidence Acquisition: This article is structured as a narrative technical review. We first analyzed the complexities of optical design, focusing on advances in lens technology and sensor optimization. We then examined the evolution of scanning mechanisms, from traditional techniques to highly automated systems. In addition, we reviewed advanced signal-processing methods and algorithms that may improve the diagnostic accuracy and image quality of WSI. Results: This article discusses key technical challenges and recent advances in WSI technology. It addresses a broad range of topics, including innovative approaches to optical design, advances in scanning processes, and developments in signal processing, to clarify critical aspects of WSI technology for clinicians, academics, and other professionals. Conclusions: This review elucidates the complex factors influencing WSI and aims to stimulate collaboration and innovation within the clinical community, thereby contributing to the advancement of WSI for medical research and diagnostic applications.