Pitfalls and Variants in Brain Sonography of Pediatrics

Abstract

The application of modern imaging technology and techniques has enhanced detection of pathologic abnormalities on cranial sonography. With improvements in sonographic equipment, visualization of a variety of anatomic variants has become more common. Awareness of these variations is important to avoid pitfalls of misinterpretation. The successful application of modern sonography requires an understanding of technologic advances such as Doppler sonography, linear imaging, and the use of multiple fontanels, as well as knowledge of normal anatomy, variants, and imaging pitfalls that may simulate pathologic abnormalities. In this review article, we will focus on descriptions of important normal brain variants and pitfalls that may mimic pathologic abnormalities that may require additional imaging or clinical follow-up.