IJ Radiology

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https://repository.brieflands.com/handle/123456789/50519

In Collaboration with Imaging Center and Radiology, IKHS Hospital, TUMS

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The IJR, Journal of Radiology is the official journal of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. It is a scientific forum dedicated primarily to the topics relevant to radiology and allied sciences of developing countries, which have been neglected or have received little attention in the Western medical literature.

This journal particularly welcomes manuscripts that deal with radiology and imaging from geographic regions wherein problems regarding economic, social, ethnic, and cultural parameters affecting the prevalence and course of the illness are taken into consideration.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 1439

Clinical Outcome of Infrapopliteal Angioplasty for Treatment of Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia
(Brieflands, 2019-04-30) Seyed Rasool Mirsharifi; Hossein Ghanaati; Morteza Noparast; Sara Farifteh; Madjid Shakiba; Parto Sabetrasekh
Background: Chronic lower limb arterial stenosis is a condition that impairs the quality of life and could result in amputation. One of the major treatments is angioplasty to open the stenosis. Objectives: We evaluated the midterm results of endovascular treatment of infra popliteal arterial disease as a primary intervention to reduce the level of ischemia in order to avoid major amputation. Patients and Methods: Between March 2013 and April 2015, we collected all data of patients who underwent infrapopliteal angioplasty for chronic limb ischemia (CLI), (Rutherford category 4,5, or 6). The outcome as freedom from reintervention, limb salvage, improvement of signs and symptoms, and the overall survival was analyzed. We reviewed the results of angioplasty by anatomic characteristics of the lesion, transatlantic intersociety characteristics (TASC). Results: Forty seven patients were enrolled in this study of whom 37 were male. Mean age was 67.2 years. Mean ankle brachial index (ABI) before and 6 months after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was 0.5 ± 0.07 and 0.68 ± 0.12, respectively (P < 0.01) and an improved ABI of at least 0.1 was detected in 78% of the patients. In 97.2%, initial technical success was obtained. Rest pain was completely resolved in 66.7% of the patients after the 3-month follow-up and 72.7% after the 6-month follow-up after the procedure. Complete or relative healing of chronic ulcer was seen in 69% and 92% of patients in the 3- and 6-month follow-up after the procedure, respectively. Restenosis occurred in four patients (8.5%), major amputation in 19.1% (9 patients) and the mortality rate was 25.1% (12 cases). Primary patency was finally estimated as 76.1%. Conclusions: PTA for infrapopliteal lesions in high-risk patients can reduce the risk of amputation with a lower mortality and morbidity.
Ultrasound Features of the First Gout Attack and the Association with Duration of Hyperuricemia
(Brieflands, 2019-07-31) Wenting Fan; Jiaan Zhu; Zheng Chen; Wenxue Li
Background: Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. Unfortunately, the burden of gout is increasing and treatment is still suboptimal. Nowadays, ultrasound is increasingly used to evaluate gout, especially in the early stage. However, little is known about the prevalence of the ultrasound signs in the first gout attack. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ultrasound features in the first gout attack and to correlate those features with the duration of hyperuricemia. Patients and Methods: We analyzed the ultrasound features of the knees, ankles and the first metatarsal-phalangeal joints (1st MTP) of patients with first gout attack compared to individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AHU). The findings were also compared with clinical, laboratory parameters and hyperuricemia duration. Results: Forty-eight patients with first gout attack gout were studied. The first attack affected the first MTP in 61%, the ankle in 33%, and the knee in 6% of the instances. The prevalence of snow-storm sign, double contour (DC) sign, tophi, bone erosion and abnormal blood flow was 92%, 29%, 6%, 13% and 83%, respectively. The prevalence of snow-storm sign and abnormal blood flow was significantly higher in the first attack of gout compared to AHU (P < 0.001). The hyperuricemia duration of patients with tophi and bone erosion was significantly longer than those with snow-storm sign and DC sign (7.5y and 6.5y vs 4.0y and 2y) (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Ultrasound features are associated with hyperuricemia duration. Furthermore, tophi and bone erosion can be detected in first gout attack. These data suggest that low-grade inflammation induced by uric acid may also occur in individuals with AHU.
Radiological Significance of Symmetric Central Tegmental Tract Hyperintensity in Pediatric Patients
(Brieflands, 2021-01-31) Ugur Kesimal; Kamil Karaali; Utku Senol
Background: The central tegmental tract (CTT) is an extrapyramidal tract between the red nucleus and the inferior olivary nucleus which is part of the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (dentato-rubro-olivary system). Symmetric central tegmental tract hyperintensity (CTTH) is a pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding with an unclear clinical and radiological significance. Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the radiological significance of CTTH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children. Patients and Methods: Pediatric patient’s MRI from January 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed in this case series study. Patient records with presence of CTTH in their MRI were evaluated. Results: There were 39 out of 2981 brain MRIs with CTTH with a prevalence of 1.3%. Some CTTH lesions disappeared on follow-up. In two patients, the disappearance of CTTH temporally corresponded to clinical improvement. Also we had patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Wilson’s disease, combined immunodeficiency, Bartter syndrome, and autism. Conclusion: CTTH could be caused by a physiological maturation process or a physiological response of the cells in the central tegmental tract to a more widespread toxic/metabolic or ischemic insult in the brain. CTTH also appears to have a transient nature in some cases. Further research elucidating the pathophysiology of CTTH is needed.
Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using CT Scan and MRI
(Brieflands, 2021-04-30) Dong-Joo Lee; Sang Duk Hong; Myeong Sang Yu; Sung Jae Heo; Joo-Yeon Kim; Tae Young Jung; Sung-Dong Kim; Sue-Jean Mun; Hak-Jin Kim; Kyu-Sup Cho
Background: The imaging features of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are non-specific and similar to those of other lesions, such as sinonasal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Objectives: To analyze the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with EMP, NHL, and SCC to identify the radiological characteristics differentiating sinonasal EMP from NHL and SCC. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the CT and MR imaging features of 37 patients with sinonasal EMP, 46 patients with NHL, and 44 patients with SCC were analyzed. Sinonasal NHL was categorized into two distinct types, namely, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (n = 32) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 14). The tumor volume was determined by measuring the region of interest (ROI) in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) program. Besides, homogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the ADC maps, degree of enhancement, adjacent bone destruction, and invasion to Waldeyer’s ring and cervical or retropharyngeal lymph nodes were evaluated. Results: Although the tumor volume was larger in the EMP group as compared to the NHL and SCC groups, the difference was not statistically significant. The NHL group showed the highest tumor homogeneity on both CT and MR images. EMP was more heterogenous than NHL, with moderate signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images. On the other hand, EMP and NHL showed significantly lower ADCs as compared to SCC. The majority of patients with sinonasal EMP, NHL, and SCC showed an avid enhancement. Also, destructive tumor growth involving the adjacent bone was more frequent in SCC than in EMP or NHL. However, there were no significant differences among sinonasal EMP, NHL, and SCC in terms of invasion to Waldeyer’s ring and cervical or retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Marked heterogeneity on T1-weighted images, low ADCs, and lack of adjacent bone destruction were the CT and MR imaging features that favored the diagnosis of EMP over NHL or SCC.
Role of FDG-PET/CT in Identification of Histological Upgrade of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) in Needle Biopsy
(Brieflands, 2021-07-31) Na Young Jung; Bong Joo Kang; Sung Hun Kim; Ie Ryung Yoo; Yeon Soo Lim; Won Jong Yoo
Background: Accurate preoperative detection of the invasive components of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is essential for an appropriate treatment. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, which can indicate the metabolic activity and aggressiveness of breast cancer, may be used as one of the predictors of the invasive components of DCIS in needle biopsy. Objectives: To determine whether the FDG-PET/CT findings are associated with the histological upgrade of DCIS in biopsy. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we reviewed 165 cases of DCIS in 162 patients, who underwent preoperative FDG-PET/CT examinations between April 2008 and September 2015. The clinicopathological characteristics and FDG-PET/CT findings of the patients were compared with respect to cancer invasion. The predictors of DCIS upgrade to invasive cancer were also examined. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of visual and semi-quantitative analyses of FDG-PET/CT in predicting invasion was compared. The semi-quantitative analyses were based on the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), divided by the cutoff point in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The final pathological findings indicated 119 cases of pure DCIS and 46 cases of DCIS with invasion. The optimal SUVmax threshold was 1.9 in the ROC curve analysis. Young age, high SUVmax, positivity in the visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT, and large pathological tumor size were significantly more frequent in the DCIS + invasion group. The significant predictors of DCIS histological upgrade were age (P = 0.011), SUVmax (P < 0.001), visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT (P = 0.004), and pathological tumor size (P = 0.003) in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the SUVmax (odds ratio [OR] = 3.31, P = 0.003) and tumor size (OR = 1.20, P = 0.022) were significant when the model included the SUVmax, age, and size (model 1). On the other hand, age (OR = 0.96, P = 0.032), visual analysis (OR = 4.67, P = 0.006), and tumor size (OR = 1.25, P = 0.005) were significant predictors when the model included visual analysis, age, and size (model 2). The sensitivity was significantly higher in the visual analysis, whereas the specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and accuracy were significantly higher in the semi-quantitative analysis. Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is a potentially useful imaging tool to predict the upgrade of DCIS to invasive cancer.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumors: The First Preliminary Report in Iran
(Brieflands, 2006-06-30) Shahram Akhlaghpour
Classification of Breast Ultrasound Tomography by Using Textural Analysis
(Brieflands, 2020-04-30) Chih-Yu Liang; Tai-Been Chen; Nan-Han Lu; Yi-Chen Shen; Kuo-Ying Liu; Shih-Yen Hsu; Chia-Jung Tsai; Yi-Ming Wang; Chih-I Chen; Wei-Chang Du; Yung-Hui Huang
Background: Ultrasound imaging has become one of the most widely utilized adjunct tools in breast cancer screening due to its advantages. The computer-aided detection of breast ultrasound is rapid development via significant features extracted from images. Objectives: The main aim was to identify features of breast ultrasound image that can facilitate reasonable classification of ultrasound images between malignant and benign lesions. Patients and Methods: This research was a retrospective study in which 85 cases (35 malignant [positive group] and 50 benign [negative group] with diagnostic reports) with ultrasound images were collected. The B-mode ultrasound images have manually selected regions of interest (ROI) for estimated features of an image. Then, a fractal dimensional (FD) image was generated from the original ROI by using the box-counting method. Both FD and ROI images were extracted features, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. These extracted features were tested as significant by t-test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kappa coefficient. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the mean texture of images performed the best in differentiating benign versus malignant tumors. As determined by the ROC analysis, the appropriate qualitative values for the mean and the LR model were 0.85 and 0.5, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV), and Kappa for the mean was 0.77, 0.84, 0.81, 0.77, 0.84, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion: The presented method was efficient in classifying malignant and benign tumors using image textures. Future studies on breast ultrasound texture analysis could focus on investigations of edge detection, texture estimation, classification models, and image features.
Assessment the Possibility of Radiation Dermatitis Incidence in the Interventionist’s Leg
(Brieflands, 2017-03-31) Fariba zareifari@yahoo.com; Alireza Rasekhi; Banafsheh Zeinali-Rafsanjani; Mahdi Saeedi-Moghadam; Amin Abolhasani Foroughi
Background: Fluoroscopy guided imaging, which is going to be more routine these days require a long time of fluoroscopic observing, which can increase the radiation dose of the physician and other staff who have to stay near the patient during the procedure. In our department, one of the senior interventionists had observed the hair loss in his lower limb. Thus the objective of this study was measuring the radiation dose of the physician’s leg during common procedures in order to find out that whether the radiation dose exceeds the threshold of deterministic effects of radiation or not?.
Different BIRADS Categories in Screening and Diagnostic Mammography
(Brieflands, 2009-09-30) Ali Reza Ehsanbakhsh; F. Sailanian Toosi; N. Khorashadizadeh
Comparison of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in Methamphetamine and Methadone Dependent Patients and Healthy Controls
(Brieflands, 2014-06-01) Abdulrasool Alaee; Mehran Zarghami; Samaneh Farnia; Mohammad Khademloo; Talayeh Khoddad
Background: Previous studies have proven the development of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in methamphetamine and opioid users. Opiates and methamphetamines (MA) are the most common addictive agents in Iran. The adverse effects of drugs on the CNS is of concern to specialists and researchers, and given that the neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine is greater than opioids, it is hypothesized that the severity of WMH in patients with methamphetamine dependence is more than opioid drug-dependent individuals. Objectives: To our knowledge, this is the first research comparing the effect of methamphetamine and methadone (M) on the brain. Patients and Methods: In a historical cohort study, we compared WMH in the brain MRI of 50 methamphetamine-dependent patients, 50 methadone-dependent patients and 50 healthy volunteers who were matched for age, sex and dominant hand. Results: WMH was detected in 18 methamphetamine users, in 12 methadone users and in seven controls (P = 0.038). The site of brain lesions in MA users was mostly in the frontal lobe in 17 cases, in M users in the frontal lobe in 12 cases and in the control group, it was in the parietal lobe in four cases (P = 0.001). The frontal lobes were the predominant locations of WMH in MA and M groups (P = 0.001). The frequency of brain lesions was mostly in the deep WM in 18 cases in MA users, in 12 cases in M users and in two cases in the control group (P=0.007). Hyper-signal foci of deep WM in the MA group were grade I (punctuate) in 12 cases, grade II (beginning confluence) in five cases and grade III (large confluent) in four cases. In the M group, there were six cases in grade I, three cases in grade II and one case in grade III. In the control group, there were three grade I cases, two grade II cases, and no grade III cases. Except for periventricular WMH (P = 0.13), there were statistical significant differences in the deep WMH (P = 0.007) and subcortex WMH (P = 0.01) between the three groups. The history of using other drugs and the duration of MA and M consumption were similar. The prevalence of brain lesions was generally higher in both drug user groups compared with the healthy controls. Increased WMH in the MA group was higher than the M group. Conclusions: A greater number of blood flow defects and ischemic lesions in the brain of MA users compared to opiate users may explain the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in these patients.
Pitfalls and Variants in Brain Sonography of Pediatrics
(Brieflands, 2014-02-28) Maryam Farghadani; Ali Hekmatnia; Roozbeh Barikbin; Reza Basiratnia
The application of modern imaging technology and techniques has enhanced detection of pathologic abnormalities on cranial sonography. With improvements in sonographic equipment, visualization of a variety of anatomic variants has become more common. Awareness of these variations is important to avoid pitfalls of misinterpretation. The successful application of modern sonography requires an understanding of technologic advances such as Doppler sonography, linear imaging, and the use of multiple fontanels, as well as knowledge of normal anatomy, variants, and imaging pitfalls that may simulate pathologic abnormalities. In this review article, we will focus on descriptions of important normal brain variants and pitfalls that may mimic pathologic abnormalities that may require additional imaging or clinical follow-up.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Findings of Chronic Lesions in Two Subtypes of Multiple Sclerosis: Primary Progressive Versus Relapsing Remitting
(Brieflands, 2013-09-01) Nasrin Rahimian; Hamidreza Saligheh Rad; Kavous Firouznia; Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh; Alipasha Meysamie; Hamideh Vafaiean; Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly prevalent cause of neurological disability and has different clinical subtypes with potentially different underlying pathologies. Differentiation of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) could be difficult especially in its early phases. Objectives: We compared brain metabolite concentrations and ratios in patients with PPMS and RRMS by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with definite MS (15 with RRMS and 15 with PPMS) underwent MRSI and their non-enhancing lesion metabolites were measured. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho), NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho were measured and compared between the two MS subtypes. Results: When the two MS groups were compared together, we found that Cr was significantly increased (P value=0.008) and NAA/Cr was significantly decreased (P value=0.03) in non-enhancing lesions in PPMS compared with RRMS. There was no significant difference in NAA, Cho or NAA/Cho between the two MS subtypes. Conclusion: MRS is a potential way to differentiate PPMS and RRMS.
In Vivo Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Rat Genitalia with Erectile Dysfunction Labeled by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Therapeutic Effect
(Brieflands, 2018-07-31) Kyung Taek Oh; Ngoc Ha Hoang; So-Young Park; Eun Seong Lee; Jang Hwan Kim; Young Taik Oh
Background: Molecular imaging with nanoparticles makes non-invasive monitoring of target cells without sacrifice of subjects and repeated evaluation possible. Objectives: To evaluate the imaging feasibility of a rat animal model with erectile dysfunction (ED) by bilateral cavernosal nerve injury using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and simultaneously to evaluate the beneficial effect of MSCs on ED. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six rats were injected with MSCs labeled with SPIO particle into the corpus cavernosum after bilateral cavernosal nerve injury. In vivo MR imaging was serially performed up to 16 weeks using 1.5 T clinical scanner. After MR imaging, the penile specimens were evaluated for the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by polymerase chain reaction. Results: MR imaging showed a drop in signal intensity at the injection site in the stem cell-injected group. The size of hypointensity was decreased in MSC-injected group in a time-dependent manner; whereas, signal void was not detected at the injection site in the control group. In addition, polymeric chain reaction (PCR) analyses of penile tissues from both groups revealed that the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in MSC-injected groups after 4 weeks of injection compared to the control group. Conclusion: MSCs’ beneficial effects on ED was monitored with MR imaging, which might be a valuable tool for tracking and therapeutic monitoring in the future clinical study of stem cell therapy in ED.
Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2007-04-30) Naser Ebrahimi Daryani
Nodular Fasciitis of the Breast
(Brieflands, 2016-01-01) Mansour Moghimi; Pouria Yazdian Anari; Marzie Vaghefi; Abbas Meidany; Heidar Salehi
Nodular fasciitis of the breast is a rare benign pathology of soft tissue that is a consequence of fibroblastic hyperplasia within breast. It can mimic breast cancer clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically.
Clinical Feasibility of a Low-dose Computed Tomography Angiography Protocol with an Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm in Preoperative Examinations for Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap Surgery
(Brieflands, 2023-01-31) Wen Tang; Min Cao; Qilong Chen; Hong Yang; Ying Yang
Background: In the past several years, emerging imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), Doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been used for investigating the anatomy and perfusion of perforator complexes. Preoperative CTA can provide explicit information on perforator flaps, which not only helps surgeons to evaluate the optimal design of flaps with respect to the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) territory and the concomitant venous drainage pattern, but also reduces postoperative complications and secondary operation rates. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a low-dose CTA protocol with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) for patients scheduled for anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single institution from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 60 inpatients scheduled for the ALTPF surgery were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20 per group): Group A, filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction with a tube voltage of 120 kVp; group B, ASIR with a tube voltage of 100 kVp; and group C, ASIR with a tube voltage of 80 kVp. The vessel attenuation value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM) were compared between the three groups. Additionally, a four-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the subjective quality of images. The scan length, dose-length product (DLP), CT dose index (CTDI), and effective dose (ED) were also recorded and compared. Results: The age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.05 for all). The FOM of images in the three segments was significantly higher in group C compared to the other two groups (P < 0.001 for all). The results of subjective evaluation revealed no poor-quality images, and the Likert score did not significantly differ between the groups. Compared to group A and group B, significant reductions were observed in CTDI, DLP, and ED in group C. Conclusion: The 80-kVp protocol with ASIR not only reduced the radiation dose, but also exhibited lower performance compared to the 120-kVp protocol with FBP and the 80-kVp protocol with ASIR; it also yielded relatively satisfactory image quality.
Familial Ulnar Club Hand Case Report in 3 Successive Generations
(Brieflands, 2004-12-30) M. Vahid Farahmandi; Jila Najafi
Bilateral Multiple Cystic Teratomas of Ovaries
(Brieflands, 2007-08-31) A. Torabizadeh; B. Davachi
Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma of the Breast: Radiologic and Histopathologic Features
(Brieflands, 2017-10-31) Youyeon Kim; Kyu Ran Cho; Sung Eun Song; Bo Kyung Seo; Ok Hee Woo; Jeong Hyun Lee; Sung Bum Cho
Background: Invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) of the breast is a distinct histologic type of invasive carcinoma that is known to have a relatively favorable prognosis. There is very little information about ICC radiologic findings. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate ICC radiological findings, including those of mammography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathological findings. Patients and Methods: Mammography, sonography, and MRI findings of twelve female patients with ICC in our institution were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Diagnoses were based on surgically resected specimens, and image features were reviewed according to the American college of radiology breast imaging reporting and data system (ACR BI-RADS®) lexicon. Histopathological findings were reviewed by two experienced breast pathologists in consensus. Results: Of the twelve patients, eleven underwent pre-operative mammography, and all underwent pre-operative sonography and MRI. Mammographic findings were mass (n = 8), focal asymmetry (n = 2), or no detectable finding (n = 1). Most masses had irregular shapes, indistinct margins, equal densities to the parenchyma, and no associated calcification. By sonography, all masses were hypoechoic with variable shapes. The margins of the tumors were mostly indistinct. Each tumor was depicted as an enhancing mass with an irregular, oval, or round shape on MRI. Usually, the margins were irregular, and enhancement patterns were type III. On histopathologic examinations, most tumors were grade I, and all were luminal subtype A by immunohistochemical study. Conclusion: ICCs of the breast appear as masses with typical features of malignancy using radiologic techniques. The differences in the radiologic features of invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, which is the most common invasive breast malignancy, and ICCs are that ICCs usually appear without associated calcifications and show rare spiculation.
Retroperitoneal Neurilemmoma Misdiagnosed as Hepatic Tumor: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2009-12-31) Yan Qing Tong; Hong Yang Guo; Bing Han

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