The Effect of High-intensity Aerobic-Resistance Training Combined with Cinnamon on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
| Author | Maryam Roshandel | en |
| Author | Ahmad Abdi | en |
| Author | Alireza Barari | en |
| Orcid | Maryam Roshandel [0000-0001-8640-0301] | en |
| Orcid | Ahmad Abdi [0000-0002-7734-7518] | en |
| Orcid | Alireza Barari [0000-0001-5199-463X] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-03-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance and disease progression. The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a central role in mediating inflammatory responses in T2DM. Objectives: Although physical exercise and cinnamon supplementation have independently demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, their combined effect on this pathway in women with T2DM remains unclear. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 134 women with T2DM aged 35 - 50 years were recruited and randomly allocated to four groups: control, high-intensity aerobic-resistance exercise (RVE), cinnamon supplementation (1000 mg/day; Ci), or combined exercise and cinnamon (RVECi). The exercise intervention comprised supervised sessions at 80% of VO2max for aerobic training and resistance exercises using TRX bands, conducted over 8 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were measured. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: No baseline differences in inflammatory markers were observed between groups. After the intervention, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB levels were significantly reduced in the RVE, Ci, and RVECi groups compared with the control group. The combined RVECi group demonstrated greater decreases in TLR4 and MyD88 than the Ci group, whereas the reduction in NF-κB was significantly greater in the RVECi group than in the Ci group. However, RVECi did not significantly outperform the RVE group. Conclusions: High-intensity aerobic-resistance training effectively attenuates activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in women with T2DM. Cinnamon supplementation enhances certain anti-inflammatory effects but does not exceed the benefits of exercise. These findings support exercise as a primary strategy for inflammation management in T2DM, with cinnamon as a potential adjunct. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.69107/jamm-168716 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jamm/articles/168716 | en |
| Keyword | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | en |
| Keyword | Inflammation | en |
| Keyword | Exercise Therapy | en |
| Keyword | Cinnamon | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | The Effect of High-intensity Aerobic-Resistance Training Combined with Cinnamon on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Women with Type 2 Diabetes | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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