Journal of Archives in Military Medicine

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In Collaboration with Aja University of Medical Sciences

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The “Journal of Archives in Military Medicine” (JAMM) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that focuses on basic and clinical studies in military medicine, including etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, monitoring, treatment, rehabilitation and clinical practice guidelines for a better care of military forces, veterans and their families. The journal is characterized by the applied multidisciplinary research for improvement in the level of knowledge, practice, and technologies in military medicine, emergency care, disaster medicine, and related subjects. Furthermore, international experience in the “military health system” is of particular interest in this journal. Additionally, we encourage high quality and evidence-based research in variously armed forces health aspects including policy development, economic analysis, and system management as well as patients’ perspective about military health services. JAAM also welcomes articles in military medical education. The editorial board of the journal appreciates novel and innovative studies and offers special priority for these works.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 273

Can Functionalization of Quinoline Derivatives Be Exploited to Control Quinolines Cytotoxic Effects?
(Brieflands, 2017-12-31) Zahra Hami; Ramin Zibaseresht
Background: Quinoline and its variety of derivatives have long been studied for their biological activities such as anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Objectives: As part of our research, we are interested in the synthesis and development of heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline derivatives and poly-pyridyl materials that might have potential biological activities. Particularly, anti-cancerous and anti-bacterial properties of such compounds are of our interest. Methods: A previously synthesized mixture of two quinoline derivative isomers (7-methylquinoline and 5-methylquinoline (A + B)) and other four quinoline derivatives (7-methyl-8-nitro-quinoline (C), 7- (β-trans- (N,N-dimethylamino) ethenyl) -8-nitroquinoline (D), 8-nitro-7-quinolinecarbaldehyde (E), and 8-Amino-7-quinolinecarbaldehyde (F)) were selected to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity against human epithelial colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cultured cells by MTT assay. The IC50 values for the mixture and other compounds were calculated by SigmaPlot 12.0 software. Results: Compounds (A + B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) showed IC50 values of 2.62, 1.87, 0.93, 0.53, and 1.140 µM, respectively. Conclusions: Our investigation suggested that all compounds were cytotoxic against Caco-2 cell lines. We observed that the previously synthesized quinoline derivatives (A + B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) in a reaction sequence show an influence in cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cell lines. Based on our evaluation, quinoline derivative (E) showed the highest cytotoxicity against the cultured cells compared to the other compounds we studied. An increase in cytotoxicity was observed from the mixture (A + B) to the compounds (C), (D) and (E), in sequence, while cytotoxicity of compound (F) appeared to be less than that of compound (E). Based on our observations, we concluded that functionalization of the quinoline derivatives we studied resulted in a change in cytotoxic activities of the compounds. Therefore, the functionalization strategy we employed for the quinoline derivatives could be useful in controlling the cytotoxic level of such compounds.
Neurological Sequels and Their Causes in Patients Hospitalized in the Toxicology Intensive Care Unit of Bahraloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(Brieflands, 2015-05-01) Fakhroddin Taghadosi Nejad; Mohammad Arefi; Arash Okazi; Azam Moradkhani; Amir Farshid Fayyaz
Background: The occurrence of neurologic complications in the intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the major risks in management of patients. These sequels may be caused by structural or metabolic disorders. The same phenomenon can be seen in the toxicology ICUs, although the toxicological effects of drugs and poisons may also cause the neurological complications. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of neurological sequels and their causes in patients hospitalized in the toxicology ICUs. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study, the data of patients admitted in toxicology ICU of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were investigated during a 2-year period (2010 ‒ 2011) and the patients with neurological sequels, based on neurological examination or brain computed tomography (CT) scan findings, were included. Data recorded in questionnaires were analyzed by means of SPSS software, with a significance level at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 1571 patients admitted in toxicology ICU during this period, 56 patients (3.56%), with the mean ± SD age of 36 ± 13.01 years, were included. The most common finding in neurological examination was the Babinski sign (67.9%). Ischemic encephalopathy with brain edema was the most common finding on the brain CT scans of these patients (33.9%). The mortality rate was 58.9% (33 out of 56). Thirteen patients (23.2%) were discharged with vegetative state. The most common cause of neurological sequel, in this study, was hypoxia (64.3%) Conclusions: This study, for the first time in Iran, investigated the frequency and cause of neurological sequels in toxicology ICUs. The findings can improve the prophylaxis and diagnostic programs for the patients in this field.
Arterial Stiffness: A New Biomarker to be Measured
(Brieflands, 2017-04-30) Hasan Obeid; Valentin Ouedraogo; Magid Hallab
Arterial Stiffness (AS) is of great interest in the prediction and the management of cardiovascular events. The evaluation of AS using 2 points of measurement of the pulse wave velocity was of considerable increasing interest in the early 21st century. This paper aimed at focusing on the modeling of different measurement methods. Several measurement techniques are presented. A review of the bibliography and an explanation of the link between cardiovascular events and arterial stiffness are summarized. Novel apparatus that were developed for determining arterial stiffness claimed superiority over pioneering methods either through greater simplicity of use, better repeatability, or a more pertinent arterial pathway.
The Challenge of Learning and Teaching During the Outbreak of COVID-19 (COVID Challenge) Problem or Opportunity
(Brieflands, 2020-03-31) Malahat Shabani Minnabadi
This article does not have an abstract.
Anesthesiologic and Surgical Experiences of the Spanish Role 2 Enhanced in Herat, Afghanistan
(Brieflands, 2015-05-30) Ricardo Navarro Suay; Rafael Tamburri Bariain; Sergio Castillejo Perez; Miguel Angel Garcia Aroca; Ignacio Bodega Quiroga; Luis Vicente Saenz Casco; Alberto Hernandez Abadia de Barbara
Background: In 2001 the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Spain authorized the participation of Spanish military units in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in support of the Afghan government. Four years later, Spain assumed control of the Forward Support Base in Herat (Afghanistan). Because of its capabilities, personnel, and equipment NATO considered it as the medical reference installation for the four provinces that form the western region of Afghanistan. Objectives: The current report aimed to describe anesthesiology and surgical experiences of Role 2 Enhanced (Role 2E) in heart, Afghanistan, from March to May 2014. Patients and Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted from March to May 2014. The civilians and military personnel wounded by firearm or explosive detonation in western Afghanistan, who were treated at the Role 2E in herat were included. There were no exclusion criteria. Results: Seven hundred and forty five patients including 181 Afghan civilians, 82 non-Afghan civilians, 24 Afghan police and military, and 458 military ISAF, were treated during the study period. There were 10 combat casualties among them. All patients were male and aged 25-30 years; seven had been injured by an explosive and three by firearm; five with head-neck wounds, two with wounds in the upper limbs, two in the abdomen, one in the thorax, and one in the lower limbs. The New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was one mild, five moderate and four severe. There were 14 surgical patients (seven wounded in combat and seven non-combat casualties, and 12 patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). None of them died. A total of 12 general anesthesias, 11 regional anesthesias (three intradural anesthesias, three interscalene blocks, one axillary block and four femoral blocks) and six local anesthesias with sedation were performed. Conclusions: During the study period, 745 patients were treated, including 10 combat casualties. Twelve general anesthesias, 11 regional anesthesias (three intradural anaesthesias, three interscalene blocks, one axillary block, four femoral blocks), and six local anaesthesias with sedation were performed. Twelve patients were admitted to the ICU. These anesthesiological and surgical experiences can be helpful in future military deployments.
Invitation to the 4th Asia-Pacific Congress of the Asia-Pacific Military Medicine (PAPCMM)
(Brieflands, 2017-09-30) Farshad Najafipour
This article does not have an abstract.
Current Infection Control Recommendations for Prion Disease; A Difficult Problem for the Deployed Personnel of the Armed Forces
(Brieflands, 2017-12-31) Leigh G. Cooper; Suresh J. Antony
Background: Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia are a group of transmissible, progressive, and ultimately lethal neurodegenerative disorders caused by prion diseases. Prion disease may present in sporadic, inherited, and acquired forms. Fewer new cases of CJD are presenting themselves compared to the 1990’s when a surge of cases was recognized after an extended incubation period following dura mater and growth hormones replacement up to 25 years before. Currently, prion disease affects approximately 1 - 2 persons per million worldwide annually. In recent years, however, variant CJD has been associated with transfusions, making the possibility of transmission through operative procedures, blood, and tissue donations a real concern. Since the emergence of variant CJD, prion disease has become a considerable public health threat, not only because of their mysterious pathogenesis, but the lack of treatment options, limited diagnostic availability, and emerging transmission routes. Objective: This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics of various human prion diseases, infection control issues, current disinfection processes as well as recommended processes, and active surveillance systems in different countries. Conclusions: Prion disease represents a continued public health concern due to its insidious nature. Current practice continues to advance finding better ways at diagnosing earlier. Treatment options are still far from being anything but palliative. Prevention remains the primary component to neutralizing the spread of non-inherited forms of prion disease.
Marital Satisfaction and Its Components in Families of Naval Officers
(Brieflands, 2015-11-01) Farnoush Etminan; Eghbal Zarei; Kourosh Mohammadi
Background: The health of military families including factors affecting the productivity and satisfaction of employees and armed forces are of great importance. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the public health and scale corresponding to the four groups of military families (surface, subsurface, marines, and pilots). Patients and Methods: The sample in this study included 200 families of naval officers who were selected through stratified sampling method Results: The results showed that the officers’ families of shallow subsurface, marines and pilots differed in terms of public health. The findings also showed that in families of small-scale pilot officers, subscales physical symptoms, sleep disturbances, symptoms of anxiety, and depression symptoms subscale scores were higher. There was a difference in the marital satisfaction and its components among different families of the naval officers. To explain the findings, we had to note that the mean of marital satisfaction and its subscales in the three groups of naval families (i.e. surface forces, submarine forces and marine forces) was different from the families of the naval pilot officers. Consequently, since the group of naval pilot families had the highest level of difference both in the general variable of marital satisfaction and its subscales, it is necessary to study this subject further in future researches. Conclusions: Given the importance of the military in safeguarding our borders, the study found that public health is relatively good in the four studied forces, but the pilot families should pay some more attention to their health to achieve improved public health.
Zika Virus Infection in Military Camps
(Brieflands, 2016-08-01) Viroj Wiwanitkit
This article does not have an abstract.
Assessment of Consensus-Based Pharmacological Therapies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(Brieflands, 2015-08-31) Seyed Reza Abtahi; Parvin Zareian
Context: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a symptom-based gastrointestinal (GI) disease with the presence of symptoms such as abdominal pain and abnormal intestinal activities. It is a frequent GI problem encountered by physicians. The purpose of this paper was to review and assess some of the current and emerging pharmacological therapies for this syndrome. Evidence Acquisition: In the present study, data on the IBS were principally collected via Google Scholar and PubMed, followed by articles in journals and libraries. Results: The pathophysiology of the IBS has yet to be fully elucidated. Global medical attempts, including pharmacological therapy and herbal remedies, aim at curing and/or subsiding pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation. Conclusions: There is a need for new drugs in the setting of pharmacological therapy for the IBS. A new medical approach should include both novel and traditional drugs in order to reach to a desirable outcome for patients and improve their quality of life.
Comparing the Effects of Regular Aerobic Training, Hyaluronic Acid, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling of Cardiac Tissue in Rats with the Experimental Model of Knee Osteoarthritis
(Brieflands, 2022-06-30) Hadi Alinezhad; Asieh Abbassi Daloii; Parvin Farzanegi; Ahmad Abdi
Background: The present study aimed to compare the effects of three therapeutic methods, including regular aerobic training, hyaluronic acid (HA), and mesenchymal stem cells, on Wnt/β-catenin signaling of cardiac tissue in rats with the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Sixty-three male rats were divided into nine groups (seven in each group): (1) healthy control, (2) patient control, (3) sham, (4) saline, (5) exercise (EXT), (6) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (7) hyaluronic acid, (8) EXT + MSCs, and (9) EXT + HA. After inducing the osteoarthritis (OA) model, we conducted 5 days of running on the treadmill for five weeks for the EXT group. Also, HA was injected intra-articularly. After 12 to 14 hours of fasting and 72 hours following the last training session, we conducted cardiac tissue sampling for β-catenin, GSK-3β, Wnt, Fz, TCF, and DKK1 analysis. We used RT-PCR to analyze the expression of the β-catenin, GSK-3β, Wnt, Fz, TCF, and DKK1 genes in cardiac tissue. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results: Osteoarthritis induction significantly decreased the expression of the GSK-3β and DKK1 genes but significantly increased the expression of the β-catenin, Wnt, Fz, and TCF genes of cardiac tissue compared to the control group. However, the EXT, HA, MSC, and combination methods increased the expression of the GSK-3β and DKK1 genes but decreased the expression of the β-catenin, Wnt, Fz, and TCF genes of cardiac tissue, which were significant in the combination group. Conclusions: Regular exercise, along with HA and MSCs, may have protective effects for the following reasons: (1) reducing the expression of the β-catenin, Wnt, Fz, and TCF genes; (2) increasing the expression of the GSK-3β and DKK1 genes in cardiac tissue; and (3) inhibiting Wnt signaling in the heart.
Empathy Vaccine Is Needed for Healthcare Professionals During Pandemics: A Letter to Editor
(Brieflands, 2023-09-30) Zahra Jafari; Sima Mohammad Khan Kermanshahi; Zohre Vanaki
This article does not have an abstract.
Investigating Relationship Between History and Physical Examination by Indicating MRI in Patients with Low Back Pain in Imam Reza Hospital
(Brieflands, 2018-03-31) Mohsen G Soroush; Soosan G Soroosh; Mehdi Anari
Objectives: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of guidelines or risk factors in patients with LBP by referring clinicians. Methods: We randomly selected people that referred to the imaging center for lumbar spine MRI during 1 year, January to December 2016. History regarding the back pain and physical examination was taken in patients as well as asked about the parameters of indications for LBP before doing the MRI. Results: Total patients studied during this year were 710. Sex difference in these patients was 200 male (28.2%) and 510 female (71.8%). The mean age of referred patients was 41.2 years (18 - 90 year). Base on the history of the patients, about 135 patients had at least 1 risk factor that indicated for imaging. During physical examination about 108 patients had at least 1 indication for imaging. Patients in this study were referred from different physicians; most of them were neurosurgeons (479 - 67.5%) and orthopedics (101 - 14.2%). Conclusions: This study shows that about 75% of cases referred for a MRI didn’t have any medical indication for imaging. Apart from results of any low back MRI that might be different from clinical process and cause wrong management, their cost and benefits are very important factor for decision making.
Designing an Educational Mindfulness Program and Its Effectiveness on Students' Cognitive, Emotional and Educational Processes
(Brieflands, 2019-09-30) Habibollah Naderi Heydari; Fereshteh Ba Ezat; Masoud Qolam Ali Lavasani; Sohail Rahimi
Background: Entrance to a university is associated with a range of stressful academic, cognitive and emotional resources, and students may be frustrated and conflicted when experiencing these pressures as well as they may exhibit a range of psychological responses. Objectives: This study aimed at designing an educational program for mindfulness and its effectiveness in students’ cognitive, emotional, and educational processes. Methods: The study was conducted by descriptive-correlational method among third-year medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017 - 18. The statistical population included 250 people. The sample size was determined at 30 patients by power analysis method for conducting a quasi-experimental intervention with two 1.5-month and 3-month follow-up. Data collection tools included Bauer’s mindfulness questionnaire (2006), Cassidy and Long’s Scale of Problem-Solving (1996), Maslach burnout inventory (2002), Dillon and Grout academic alienation scale (1976), and Grant and Langford self-reflection and insight scale (2002). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of tools in this study were 0.75 for Bauer’s questionnaire, 0.70 for Cassidy and Long’s scale, 0.70 for Maslach, 0.73 for Grant and Langford, and 0.71 for Dillon and Grout. The intervention program was designed based on the Roeser and Schunert-Reichl (2016) mindfulness program. The face validity of the program was assessed by Fortalza Tool (2017) and a pilot study was carried out. Results (P < 0.01) were significant, indicating the acceptance of the designed package. Descriptive statistics and homogeneity tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures multivariate analysis were performed with SPSS 23 software for statistical investigation. Results: The findings showed that at P < 0.01, mindfulness training program had a significant positive effect on all components of problem-solving ability and academic alienation. Mindfulness do not affect the environmentalism of emotional mindfulness (P < 0.05) and the pessimism component of academic burnout (P < 0.05). In all of the components, the sphericity assumption of the spatial distribution and the Levin test and the normal distribution were observed. Conclusions: Mindfulness education program can affect students’ cognitive and emotional processes and can be effective in reducing educational problems such as academic burnout and academic alienation, meanwhile, in increasing problem-solving and emotional mindfulness. It is recommended that this educational program should be implemented for new students of the universities.
On the Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Quality of Life Among Menopausal Women
(Brieflands, 2021-12-31) Masumeh Ghazanfarpour; Zari Dolatabadi; Masumeh Saeedi; Shahin Shojania; Mohammad Ali Kiani; Mohsen Mohsen Abadi; Masoudeh Babakhanian
Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and quality of life (QOL) among menopausal women. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 postmenopausal women admitted to different healthcare centers. The primary data collection tools were the revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL). Results: The participants encompassed 202 postmenopausal women with the mean age of 52.14 ± 5.93 years. The analysis revealed that 70.8% of women were 45 - 55 years, 29.2% of women were 56 - 65 years, and 62.7% of the participants had more than two children. Compared to the non-smoking participants, the smoking women reported more injury violence (P = 0.008). In this study, the effect of the husband and wife’s level of education on IPV was not significant. The menopausal women or their spouses experienced more psychological (P = 0.008) and injury (P = 0.01) violence following their second marriage. The present findings suggested that three types of violence, including psychological (P < 0.001), physical (P = 0.003), and injury (P < 0.001), reported higher levels of psychological symptoms. The women experiencing psychological (P < 0.001) and sexual (P = 0.012) violence reported more severe physical problems than those with no history of violence in menopause. Conclusions: This study provided more profound insights into the relationship between menopause-related quality of life and types of violence among menopausal women. The quality of life in postmenopausal women is significantly declined under domestic violence. Healthcare providers are recommended to be trained on detecting and managing IPV and the corresponding physical and psychological problems.
Effect of Laser Photostimulation on the Healing of Third-Degree Burn wounds in Rats
(Brieflands, 2014-08-01) Reza Fekrazad; Alireza Nikkerdar; Khojasteh Joharchi; Katayoun AM Kalhori; Fatemeh Mashhadi Abbas
Background: Burns are one of the most common injuries in the world, most importantly during the wars, and the patients usually experience high levels of pain. Complications include both physical and psychological aspects as well as aesthetic concerns. Management comprises special strategies via specific treatment protocols. Treatment stages include: rescue and control of breathing rhythm, hemorrhage management, fracture closure, particle removal, infection control and control of body temperature. It has been suggested that laser therapy with low level energy could have a positive effect on wound healing process. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different wavelengths of Ga-As laser with blue (405 nm) and green (532 nm) wavelengths on the healing of third-degree burn wounds in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 male Wistar rats (8-weekold, weighting 250-300 g) were divided into three groups of equal numbers. All animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injections. Dorsal hairs were shaved and third-degree skin burns were created on the back of the animals by using a copper stamp. The stamp was warmed up first to 95˚C via a heater. Afterwards, the animals were randomly divided into the blue and green laser and control groups. The length and width of each wound were measured by a caliper and the area of the lesion was calculated on the first, third, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, seventeenth, and twenty-first days of the study. Six samples were taken from each group for pathobiological analysis. Results: A mild anti-inflammatory effect of blue laser was observed during acute phase, which could possibly accelerate wound healing during the first week of repair. Results of our study showed that using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with green and blue wavelengths may accelerate the wound healing process as compared with the control group. Conclusions: The laser groups have a significantly more rapid rate of wound contraction than the control group during the healing process of burns; however, the effect of LLLT on burn wound healing was neither statistically nor histologically significant. More studies should be performed to investigate other treatment protocols and prescriptions of soft laser to clarify its role in the treatment of wounds and burn injuries.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases in Submarine Navy Personnel of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran
(Brieflands, 2016-02-01) Bita Rohani; Hassan Shahamatnia; Mostafa Maddah; Amir Abbas Sameti; Amir Hossein Najafpour; Reza Fekrazad
Background: Oral and dental care is very important for submarine crews, as they live in confined spaces while they are on their missions. If emergency dental conditions occur during submarine operations, dentistry services are not available. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial diseases among submarine personnel. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 74 submarine crew and 28 marine personnel participated after signing a written informed consent statement. The data was collected using a questionnaire that included items on the demographic data, medical and dental history, behaviors related to oral and dental health, and the probability of emergency dental conditions on the mission. The questionnaire was filled out for each participant by a dentist after performing clinical and paraclinical assessments. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) for the submarine and marine groups were 5.24 ± 4.16 and 8 ± 5.94, respectively. The number of missing teeth and the MDFT index were significantly higher in the marine group (P < 0.05). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the rate of emergency dental incidents during the mission. These incidents include temporomandibular joint click, dental fluorosis, dental trauma, and behaviors related to oral and dental health (P > 0.05). Prevalence of the aphthous stomatitis was significantly higher in the submarine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In general, the oral and dental health status of the submarine crew was better than that of the marine group. The prevalence of aphthous stomatitis, however, was significantly higher in the submarine group. One of the etiologies considered for that condition is stress.
The Psychiatric Station in the Soviet Special Camp at Buchenwald
(Brieflands, 2018-06-30) Esther Cuerda-Galindo; Francisco López-Muñoz; Matthis Krischel
Between August 1945 and February 1950, the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald was turned into the Soviet Special Camp Number 2 by the Soviet secret service to house individuals perceived as opponents of the Soviet system. We have investigated the system of health care for psychiatric patients in this camp. We have consulted and reviewed the archives of Buchenwald concentration camp (Arkiv der Gedenkstatte Buchenwald). Archival documents regarding the Soviet period have been partially declassified recently. During its five years of operation, 28 455 prisoners were held. In Buchenwald, psychiatric patients were held in the Psychiatric Station (barrack VIIc), guarded by a neuropsychiatrist and a nurse. The number of inmates who passed through this station is unknown, however, at one point there were more than 60. The medical system run in Gulags for decades was already exported to camps created in German territory after the end of the war. The internment of dissidents in psychiatric centers was a common practice of the Soviet authorities.
Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Assistants Working in Hospitals Affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Peyman Atabaki; Omid Garkaz; Sahar Paryab; Safar Hamednia; Somayeh Mehmanfar; Hamid Reza Mehryar
Background: Stress and strain are an inevitable part of a professional life and originate from work-related experiences. Since the residents are highly exposed to burnout aroused by physical, psychological, and emotional stress, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of burnout syndrome in medical assistants working in hospitals affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined all residents working in the hospital affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Two demographic and burnout questionnaires were distributed to collect the required information. Data were collected and imported to SPSS software version 20 and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 147 assistants in the study, 78 (53.1%) were male and 69 (46.9%) were female, and 104 (70.7%) were married. The mean score of the questions was 34.66 ± 13. The mean score of burnout was 51.53 ± 11.15 among the male residents and 53.61 ± 11.74 among the female residents. The burnout score was 51.82 ± 11.29 among the married assistants and 54.19 ± 11.77 among the single assistants. Moreover, There was no relationship between gender and burnout score (P = 0.275) and between marriage and burnout score (P = 0.26). Conclusions: In this study, the results indicate that most residents suffer from burnout symptoms; hence, appropriate measures and planning are required to detect and eliminate the causes of burnout.
The Status of Inflammatory Factors Involved in Coronary Artery Disease in Veteran Football Players
(Brieflands, 2019-11-09) Mohsen Jafari
Background: Homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and lipoprotein (a) (LPA) are four novel cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of these substances in veteran football players and non-athletes. Methods: The subjects of this study were 16 male orthopedic veterans assigned to the two control and experimental groups. The age range was 40 to 50 years old. The athlete group was players of North Khorasan veterans’ team of futsal that trained regularly in the past six months. Trainings of the athlete group were three sessions per week that each session consisted of a warm-up, technical, tactical, and fitness trainings and cooling down. Non-athlete subjects had no regular trainings in the past six months. After 12 hours of fasting, serum levels of dependent variables were evaluated. Independent t-test was used for computing the mean differences of dependent variables between the two groups. Results: The findings showed that mean levels of homocysteine (P = 0.034), fibrinogen (P = 0.001) and LPA (P = 0.022) were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of CRP mean levels (P = 0.072). Conclusions: Generally, orthopedic veterans can prevent cardiac events through regular futsal training because this type of training may reduce the levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen and LPA.

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