The Application of Callista Roy's Adaptation Model in the Care of a Patient with Obstructive Bowel Disease: A Case Study

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction is a critical gastrointestinal condition characterized by impaired passage of intestinal contents, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Due to its complexity and potential complications, effective nursing care is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the application of Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model as a structured framework for assessing patient needs and guiding interventions in the care of a patient with obstructive bowel disease. Case Presentation: A case study was conducted on a patient with intestinal obstruction in the General Surgery Ward of Seventeen Shahrivar Hospital, Amol, Iran, between March and April 2024. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and clinical documentation. Nursing care was provided using the six-step nursing process based on Roy’s Adaptation Model (assessment, stimulus identification, nursing diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and evaluation) across the four adaptive modes: Physiological-physical, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Roy adaptation model framework in the four adaptive modes. The patient initially exhibited both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors across all four adaptive modes of Roy’s adaptation model. Following care using Roy's model, maladaptive behaviors were reduced, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Conclusions: The Callista Roy adaptation model effectively addresses the complex needs of patients with intestinal obstruction by promoting holistic care and active involvement in treatment, which can reduce complications and improve patient control.