Benefits and Harms of Beta Blockers in the Perioperative Period of Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Several trials have evaluated the role of treatment with beta-blockers in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Debates are when and which agent and dosage to initiate and when and how to continue or discontinue. In addition, effects on perioperative arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality were studied. Herein we have tried to review the most common guidelines and large trials on the aforementioned issues.