Cannabidiol Extracted from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Plant Shows Neuroprotective Impacts Against 6-HODA-Induced Neurotoxicity via <i>Nrf2</i> Signal Transduction Pathway

Abstract

Background: As a prevalent neurodegenerative illness, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with serious disability and reduced quality of patients' lives. Therefore, finding new adjuvant treatment approaches that can improve patients' quality of life is crucial. Objectives: This study evaluated the impacts of cannabidiol (CBD) on the PC12 cell line and elucidated its mechanism of action, emphasizing the antioxidant pathway. Methods: First, CBD was extracted from the hemp plant. Then, the cells were treated with CBD at different dosages. After treatment, the cells were exposed to 6-HODA, and cell viability and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH levels, as well as the Nrf2, Bax, Bcl-2, and Casp3 genes' expressions were measured. Results: Cannabidiol augmented the cell viability and decreased the apoptosis rates of 6-HODA-exposed PC12 cells. Also, pretreatment of PC12 cells with CBD was associated with decreases in ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and an improvement in total antioxidant capacity and SOD and GSH activities were also seen. In addition, CBD overexpressed Nrf2 and Bcl-2 genes in 6-HODA-exposed PC12 cells and, on the other hand, prevented the upregulation of Bax and Casp3. Conclusions: Overall, it was concluded that CBD has neuroprotective impacts against 6-HODA-induced neurotoxicity via the Nrf2 signal transduction pathway.