Barriers and Challenges for Healthcare Professionals in the Context of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage

Abstract

Background: Mass religious gatherings, especially big events like the Arbaeen Pilgrimage, which attract millions of participants from different nations, have immense spiritual and cultural significance. However, these events are also characterized by inadequate infrastructure, scarce resources, and the huge number of people who gather, which put enormous strain on the healthcare system. Objectives: To address the major challenges in the provision of health and medical services during such events and to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of health service delivery by overcoming the lack of comprehensive data regarding the specific needs and challenges faced by healthcare professionals. Methods: The present qualitative research was carried out in this regard to determine the barriers and challenges faced by the medical staff during the Arbaeen Pilgrimage in 2017. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with healthcare workers who were part of the medical mission in the event. Through a conventional approach of content analysis, several major categories were identified. Results: These included infrastructural deficiencies, shortages of medications and medical supplies, poor coordination between Iranian and Iraqi health systems, workforce shortages, physical and mental fatigue among staff, and the high prevalence of communicable diseases such as respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In addition, systemic issues such as the absence of clear protocols, insufficient preparedness, and weak inter-organizational coordination further hindered the effective provision of health services. Conclusions: Overall, the study highlights the need for comprehensive planning, robust cross-border collaboration, targeted training programs, and culturally informed health policies to enhance healthcare delivery during mass religious gatherings. The results provide useful information for policymakers and health system planners who want to support healthcare workers on the ground and improve health outcomes in terms of high-profile religious events.