Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>: A 13-Year SENTRY Surveillance Study from Turkey (2010 – 2023)
| Author | Belgin Altun | en |
| Author | Gulsen Hazırolan | en |
| Author | Deniz Gür | en |
| Orcid | Belgin Altun [0000-0002-8352-9692] | en |
| Orcid | Gulsen Hazırolan [0000-0003-4546-9729] | en |
| Orcid | Deniz Gür [0000-0002-7504-8450] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-02-28 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Local surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential to guide empirical treatment strategies for respiratory tract infections. Long-term local data are particularly important in the context of rising global resistance and regional variations in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, enabling clinicians to make informed empirical therapy decisions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine and compare antimicrobial resistance rates in Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 335) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 185) isolates obtained from community-acquired respiratory tract infections at Hacettepe University Hospital between 2010 and 2023. Methods: Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolates (one isolate per patient) recovered from sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients with community-acquired pneumonia were included in the SENTRY surveillance program. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the microdilution method according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines (2025) using cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth supplemented with lysed horse blood. Results: Penicillin non-susceptibility (I+R) was 67.2% in S. pneumoniae isolates (42.7% intermediate, 24.5% resistant), while ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae was 13.0%. All S. pneumoniae isolates remained fully susceptible to meropenem, linezolid, and vancomycin. Ceftaroline resistance rates were 1.5% in S. pneumoniae and 3.2% in H. influenzae. No resistance to ceftriaxone was detected among H. influenzae isolates. Conclusions: High rates of penicillin and macrolide non-susceptibility in S. pneumoniae limit the empirical use of these agents in our setting. In contrast, ceftriaxone and respiratory fluoroquinolones remain highly effective options for the empirical treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. These findings underscore the importance of continuous local surveillance to support rational antimicrobial therapy. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-167264 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/167264 | en |
| Keyword | <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> | en |
| Keyword | Haemophilus ]nfluenzae | en |
| Keyword | Drug Resistance | en |
| Keyword | Surveillance | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>: A 13-Year SENTRY Surveillance Study from Turkey (2010 – 2023) | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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