The Effects of Copenhagen Football Test on Glutathione Reductase and Catalase Activity in Female Football Players

Abstract

Background: Changes in oxidative stress in response to vigorous exercise is of prime importance. In this area, the changes of catalase activity and glutathione reductase are very important. However, the results of the activity of antioxidants, particularly in erythrocytes, are not unified. Football is a heavy exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing the effects of Copenhagen football test on the glutathione reductase and catalase activity. Methods: The participants included 44 female football players. To control menstrual cycle, participants were selected through interviews from different teams. None of the participants had symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, and they all were in perfect health. Participants were divided into 2 groups of Copenhagen football test (n = 22) and regular football exercises (n = 22). Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise session. The catalase activity and glutathione reductase levels were measured in erythrocytes. Results and Conclusions: The analysis of covariance revealed that catalase activity significantly decreased in the Copenhagen football test group after the assessment compared to regular football exercises group. Meanwhile, the glutathione reductase values significantly increased (P < 0.05). The increase in glutathione reductase values led to the protection of erythrocyte metabolism through the increase of glutathione, and it was due to the participants’ adaptation. Nonetheless, Copenhagen test should be considered as a high-pressure activity because of the reduced activity of catalase in erythrocytes which is associated with the increase in some cardiovascular risk factors. Coaches should also note that due to the high pressure to maintain tapering, this type of training should be done a few days before a major event.