Investigating the Factors Related to the Amount of Bleeding Due to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
| Author | Esmaeil Mousapour | en |
| Author | Sadegh Jafari | en |
| Author | Hamed Haghiabi | en |
| Author | Alireza Alishushtari | en |
| Author | Arash Karimi | en |
| Author | Sirous Rafiei Asl | en |
| Orcid | Hamed Haghiabi [0009-0009-2417-8683] | en |
| Issued Date | 2025-11-30 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Hemorrhage remains a major concern during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The present study focused on determining the contributing factors to blood loss throughout the procedure. Methods: In this prospective study, we assessed 412 individuals who underwent PCNL at our center from June 2020 to June 2024. Hemoglobin drop post-surgery, adjusted for transfused blood volume, was used to estimate total blood loss. A stepwise multivariate regression model was applied to explore the correlations between bleeding volume or transfusion requirement and multiple patient-specific or procedural variables. Results: The average hemoglobin reduction observed was 1.57 ± 2.43 g/dL. Significant predictors of blood loss included Body Mass Index (BMI) (P < 0.05), stone dimensions (P < 0.05), presence of multiple stones (P < 0.05), upper calyceal stone location (P < 0.05), insertion of two or more nephrostomy tubes (P < 0.05), surgery duration (P < 0.05), and diabetes (P < 0.05). A transfusion was required in 3.5% of patients. Conclusions: Increased intraoperative blood loss following PCNL was significantly associated with higher BMI, greater stone burden, multiple stones, upper calyceal location, prolonged surgical time, multiple nephrostomy insertions, and diabetes mellitus. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/numonthly-164152 | en |
| Keyword | Blood Loss | en |
| Keyword | Risk Factors | en |
| Keyword | Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy | en |
| Keyword | PCNL Complications | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Investigating the Factors Related to the Amount of Bleeding Due to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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