Nephro-Urology Monthly
Permanent URI for this collection
In Collaboration with Nephro-Urology Monthly
News
Nephro-Urology Monthly (NU monthly) is a clinical journal of Nephrology and Urology Research Center Tehran which is informative for all the practitioners like nephrologists and urologists. This authoritative clinical journal was founded in 2009 by Professor Behzad Einollahi. The Journal context is devoted to the peer-reviewed compilation of the latest worldwide and interdisciplinary approach and findings including original manuscripts, meta-analyses and reviews, health economic papers, debates, and consensus statements of clinical relevance to nephrological and Urological fields. In addition, consensus evidential reports not only highlight the new observations, original research, and results accompanied by innovative treatments and all the other relevant topics but also include elucidating disease mechanisms and important clinical observations and letters on articles published in the journal.
Browse
Recent Submissions
Now showing 1 - 20 of 777
- ItemAdipsic Diabetes Insipidus: A Single-Center Case Series(Brieflands, 2018-01-31) Foroogh Sabzghabaei; Mahsa Akhtar; Seyed Mahmoud Ramak Hashemi; Reza MollahoseiniAdipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a rare and challenging complication secondary to several neurosurgical procedures. It can lead to severe hyperosmolarity and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Considering the variable time of thirst sensation recovery, long-term treatment is accompanied with the risk of extreme extracellular osmolality fluctuations. Herein, we report 3 cases of this rare presentation of hypothalamic injury.
- ItemLiver Transplantation Outcome in Iranian Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria; Risks and Perspectives(Brieflands, 2020-05-31) Seyed Mohsen Dehghani; Kamran Bagheri Lankarani; Iraj Shahramian; Ali Bazi; Hakimeh Shahabi; Kurosh Kazemi; Siavash Gholami; Seyed Ali Malek-HosseiniBackground: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is an autosomal genetic disorder characterized by abnormal glycosylate metabolism. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess post-transplant complications and survival of patients with PH who underwent either liver transplantation (LT) or simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: 18 patients with established PH diagnosis who underwent LT or simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation in the Transplantation Center of Shiraz, Iran, were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected by reviewing clinical documents and interviews by the patients. The patients were prospectively followed up for the occurrence of the intended outcomes. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software. Results: 12 patients (66.7%) were male, and six patients (33.3%) were female with the age range of 3 to 32 years (mean age, 18.89 ± 7.42 years). The patients’ weight ranged from 13 to 73 kg (mean weight, 47.39 ± 17.18 kg). Polyuria was the most common clinical presentation (11/18), and end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis were noted in 13 and 12 patients pre-transplantation, respectively. Hepatic arterial thrombosis, biliary complications, infections, and graft rejection comprised the most frequent post-transplant complications. Of 18 patients, seven patients (38.9%) died due to various complications during one year after transplant. Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the survival rate was 61.1% at the end of the study. The mean survival time was 46.25 ± 18.6 months. The patients succumbed to the disease died within 3 to 320 days (mean, 61.57 days) post-surgery. Conclusions: LT seems an effective intervention in prevention of kidney failure in patients with PH.
- ItemRenal Failure Prevalence in Poisoned Patients(Brieflands, 2014-03-01) Mohammad Arefi; Fakhroddin Taghaddosinejad; Peyman Salamaty; Davood Soroosh; Hami Ashraf; Mohsen EbrahimiBackground:: Renal failure is an important adverse effect of drug poisoning. Determining the prevalence and etiology of this serious side effect could help us find appropriate strategies for the prevention of renal failure in most affected patients. Objectives:: The present study is aimed to identify drugs that induce renal failure and also to find the prevalence of renal failure in patients referred to emergency departments with the chief complaint of drug poisoning, in order to plan better therapeutic strategies to minimize the mortality associated with drug poisoning induced renal failure. Patients and Methods:: This cross-sectional study surveyed 1500 poisoned patients referred to the Emergency Department of Baharloo Hospital in Tehran during 2010. Demographic data including age and gender as well as clinical data including type of medication, duration of hospital stay, and presence of renal failure were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared statistics were used to analyze the results. Results:: A total number of 435 patients were poisoned with several drugs, 118 patients were intoxicated with sedative-hypnotic drugs, 279 patients were exposed to opium, and 478 patients were administered to other drugs. The method of intoxication included oral 84.3%, injective 9%, inhalation 4.3% and finally a combination of methods 2.3%. Laboratory results revealed that 134 cases had renal failure and 242 had rhabdomyolysis. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis and renal failure increased significantly with age, and also with time of admission to the hospital. Renal failure was reported in 25.1% of patients exposed to opium, vs. 18.2% of patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide, 16.7% of those with organophosphate, 8% with multiple drugs, 6.7% with alcohol, heavy metals and acids, and 1.7% with sedative hypnotics. Conclusions:: Based on the findings of this study, there is a high probability of renal failure for patients poisoned with drugs such as opium, aluminum phosphide, and multiple drugs as well as the patients with delayed admission to the hospital, and it is necessary to seek appropriate treatment to prevent this significant side effect.
- ItemDiverse Clinical and Histology Presentation in C1q Nephropathy(Brieflands, 2013-07-01) Pavan Malleshappa; Mahesha VankalakuntiPatients presenting with nephrotic syndrome with or without nephritic illness rarely come across with the diagnosis of ‘C1q nephropathy’. This entity is purely diagnosed with the help of immunofluorescence like IgA nephropathy. Clinical presentation is heterogenous, ranging from nephrotic range proteinuria to sub-nephrotic state; and with or without hematuria / renal insufficiency. Similarly, the concept of ‘C1q nephroapthy’ has periodically evolved since its original description by Jenette and Hipp in 1985. Here the pathophysiology, histologic findings / diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with C1q nephropathy are discussed.
- ItemEvaluation of Renal Histopathological Changes, as a Predictor of Recoverability of Renal Function Following Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction(Brieflands, 2015-07-31) Kaushal Kumar; Ahsan Ahmad; Shailendra Kumar; Vijyanand Choudhry; Rajesh Kumar Tiwari; Mahendra Singh; Mohammad Ali MuzaffarBackground: Pyeloplasty is a widely accepted treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). However, the renal function recoverability after pyeloplasty is still a matter of debate. Different parameters have been used to predict renal functional recoverability after corrective surgery, with conflicting results. Objectives: In this study, renal biopsy was carried on a series of cases of UPJO, during pyeloplasty, to study the extent of histological alterations in renal parenchyma, as a result of obstruction, and its predictive value in renal function recoverability after pyeloplasty. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the renal biopsy obtained during pyeloplasty in 53 adult patients. Histopathological changes were graded on a scale of 1 to 3, according to their severity, and compared with the differential renal function (DRF) revealed on the preoperative and postoperative follow up diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scan. A Fischer’s t test was used to evaluate statistical differences between values. Results: This study showed a linear relationship between the severity of histological changes and renal function recovery, after pyeloplasty. Out of 24 obstructed renal units (ORU), with minimal histopathological changes (grade I), 21 ORU (87.5%), with > 35% DRF preoperatively, showed significant improvement in renal function after 12 months of pyeloplasty (P < 0.05). On the other hand, all kidneys (n = 29) with moderate to severe obstructive changes (grade II and III) had minimal improvement in DRF, after pyeloplasty, which was clinically insignificant (P > 0.05). Renal function deterioration after pyeloplasty was not observed in any of the cases. Conclusions: The severity of pathological changes in renal parenchyma, due to UPJO, is a good predictor of renal function recoverability, after pyeloplasty. The ORUs, with DRF > 35%, usually have normal (grade I) renal biopsy and might be expected to present better functional recoverability after pyeloplasty.
- ItemAnalysis of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux Among the Southeast Iranian Population(Brieflands, 2016-03-01) Dor Mohammad Kordi Tamandani; Nasim Naeimi; Ali Ghasemi; Taybe Baranzahi; Simin Sadeghi-BojdBackground: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common childhood disorder that is characterized by the abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α genes are involved in the development of VUR. Patients and Methods: The tetra amplification mutation refractory system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) was applied to analyze the four polymorphic sites of the IL-10AG-1082, IL-10CA597, IL-12CA1188, and TNF308GA genes in 124 VUR children and 110 healthy controls. Results: A significant, highly increased risk of VUR disease was found for the CA, AA, and combined genotypes of IL-10CA597 (OR = 5.2, 95% CL: 1.80 - 18.25; P = 0.0006, OR = 9.1, 95% CL: 1.11 - 122.75; P = 0.02, OR = 5.3, 95% CL: 1.82 - 18.61; P = 0.00052, respectively); the AG, GG, and AG + GG genotypes of IL-10AG-1082 (OR = 12.8, 95% CL; 2.9 - 113.9; P = 0.00003, OR = 12.62, 95% CL: 2.93 - 114.53; P = 0.00003, respectively); and the AA genotype of IL-12 (AA, OR = 0.19, 95% CL: 0.5 - 0.55; P = 0.0006). The frequency of the C allele in both IL-10CA and IL-12CA was greater in patients with VUR than in the healthy controls. No association was found between TNF308GA and the risk of VUR. Conclusions: The results demonstrated significant associations between the IL-10 (AG-1089, IL-10CA) and IL-12 (AA) gene polymorphisms and a highly increased risk of VUR.
- ItemVesicourethral Reflux in Pediatrics With Hypermobility Syndrome(Brieflands, 2013-09-01) Fatemeh Beiraghdar; Zohreh Rostami; Yunes Panahi; Behzad Einollahi; Mojtaba TeimooriSubjectives: Prevalence of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHMS) without systemic disease seems to be high in children. Little literature is currently available related to urinary tract diseases in patients with BJHMS. Here, we report an association between the urinary tract disease and BJHMS. Methods: We conducted a prospective case series study of 62 pediatric patients with musculoskeletal pain to detect urinary tract diseases in Tehran, Iran from October 2009 to October 2010. The Brighton criteria score was used to diagnose BJHMS. The collected data included age, gender, grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), ultrasonography findings, urodynamic results and biochemical tests. Voiding cystourethrography was used for detection and grading of VUR. Results: VUR was observed in 60% of patients with BJHMS. However, sonography was normal in 66.7% of patients. The most common grading of reflux was grade II of VUR (37.5%). Seventy percent of patients with BJHMS and neurogenic bladder had failure to thrive. Conclusion: Our findings showed an increased frequency of VUR in patients with BJHMS. We suggest that Infants and children with BJHMS should be screened for VUR.
- ItemCoexisting Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism and Severe Hypothyroidism in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis(Brieflands, 2015-03-31) Yahya Osman Malik; Syed Mohsin Raza; Sophia ArunselvanIntroduction: The clinical syndrome of uremia is a bedside diagnosis which mimics a wide spectrum of other clinical disorders, most commonly thyroid disease. End-stage renal disease (ESRD), as a disorder, frequently alters thyroid hormone metabolism, and this is not significantly normalized by dialysis. Although the thyroid and parathyroid glands are considered independent organs, their anatomical juxtaposition in the neck, as well as sharing a common embryological origin, might play a role in some of the possible association between thyroid and parathyroid disease. It has been demonstrated in experimental animals that changes in the thyroid gland might lead to pathological changes in the parathyroids and vice versa. Case Presentation: An incidence of as high as 25% of hypothyroidism has been reported in patients with ESRD on dialysis. We report a patient with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (MHDx) who has had a combination of profound tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) and severe hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Literature search revealed an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism with secondary HPTH from renal failure. Although there is increased prevalence of hypothyroid state in secondary HPTH from renal failure, the association appears much weaker in primary HPTH and again no conclusive pathological relation has been identified between the two endocrine glands. A closer look and perhaps long-term prospective studies are required in the future to determine this association.
- ItemDelayed Graft Function and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Patients with Positive Panel-Reactive Antibody and Negative Donor-Specific Antibodies(Brieflands, 2020-11-30) Ha Nguyen Thi Thu; Manh Bui Van; Dung Nguyen Thi Thuy; Kien Truong Quy; Duc Nguyen Van; Van Diem Thi; Ha Do Manh; Dai Do Khac; Dung Nguyen Dang; Quyet Do; Toan Pham Quoc; Thang Le VietBackground: Delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR) are common complications in kidney transplant patients. Objectives: The study evaluated DGF and AR in highly sensitized patients and their effects on kidney function for six months post-transplantation. Methods: We enrolled 95 patients with kidney transplants from living donors who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 47 highly sensitized patients with panel reactive antibody (PRA) < 20.0% and negative donor-specific antigen, and group 2 included 48 patients with negative PRA. All patients were followed for the state of DGF, AR, and kidney function for six months. Results: Group 1 showed a significantly higher proportion of DGF and AR than group 2 (27.7% versus 2.1%, P < 0.001 and 14.9% versus 2.1%, P = 0.031, respectively). The rates of positive PRA in DGF and AR patients were significantly higher than those in non-DGF and non-AR patients (92.9% versus 42.0%, P < 0.001 and 87.5% versus 46.0%, P = 0.031, respectively). Transplanted kidney function was significantly worse in patients with PRA and DGF and/or AR than in patients with negative PRA and non-DGF and non-AR only in the seventh-day post-transplantation. Conclusions: Kidney transplant in highly sensitized patients with positive PRA was related to the increased ratio of DGF and AR.
- ItemComparison of Re-TUR Results in Primary Patients with Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) of Low, Intermediate, and High-risk for Recurrence Based on the EORTC Scoring System(Brieflands, 2021-05-31) Farhood Khaleghi Mehr; Pejman Shadpour; Hossein Shahrokh; Nima Narimani; Maryam Abolhasani; Mohsen ShatiBackground: Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy. Transurethral resection (TUR) is the standard initial treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The high prevalence of residual tumor in some patients has necessitated repeat TUR (re-TUR). Previous studies have shown the quality of primary resection to impact re-TUR outcomes, but the role of tumor biology remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tumor biology on re-TUR results in primary (non-recurrent) patients with superficial bladder tumors. Methods: We studied a cohort of consecutive primary patients with superficial bladder cancer undergoing resection and routine re-TUR between March 2018 and February 2019 at our unit. Patients with TaG1 or T2 on primary pathologic report, deliberately incomplete initial resection, or absence of detrusor muscle on the initial specimen were excluded from the study. Re-TUR was performed in the sixth week. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The patients were divided into three groups according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk scoring system and compared for recurrence of NMIBC. Results: Of 58 primary patients, 16 were classified as low-risk, 32 as intermediate-risk, and 10 as high-risk. The mean age of subjects was 62.1 years. Residual tumor was detected on re-TUR in 19 (32.7%) cases. Also, 3 (5.2%) cases entailed stage progression to pT2, all of whom belonged to the high-risk group. Residual tumor rate was 0%, 40.6%, and 60% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. In addition, 13 patients had macroscopic residual. Conclusions: Despite the modest study size, our results suggest that tumor biology might have an impact on residual tumor characteristics, and the EORTC scoring system may help to predict the risk of progression and residual tumor rate on re-TUR.
- ItemEffects of human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells and Granulocyte Colony- Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity(Brieflands, 2012-06-01) Yener Koc; Mehmet Sokmen; Abdulkadir Unsal; Sebnem Cigerli; Aysim Ozagari; Taner Basturk; Elbis Ahbap; Tamer Sakaci; Ayhan Dalkilic; Nezaket ErenAbstract: Background: Recently, stem cells have been used to facilitate healing in animal models of renal failure induced by acute ischemic and nephrotoxic damage. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to stimulate stem cell mobilization from bone marrow and these cells may contribute to renal repair.
- ItemDiabetes and Hepatitis C Infection in Dialysis Patients: The Present Situation in Japan(Brieflands, 2011-12-01) Akira Sugawara; Hiroshi Sato; Sadayoshi ItoThis article does not have an abstract.
- ItemCommunity Acquired Urinary Tract Infections’ Etiological Organisms and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns(Brieflands, 2017-09-30) Hossein Keyhan; Sepideh Sedighi; Behruz Mashayekhi; Mehrnoush Fathi; Majeed MokhtariObjectives: This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of bacterial strains isolated from patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and comparing the antibiotic susceptibility patterns among different genders. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between June 2011 and August 2012 in Iran, Tehran, on patients referred with symptomatic UTI. Midstream samples were taken and sent to the laboratory. The bacterial resistance was determined in patients with proven UTI by the Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Data were stratified by age and gender. Results: A total of 762 individuals were included in this prospective study, from which 573 (75.1%) were female and 189 (24.9%) were male patients. The most prevalent pathogen in different age, gender, inpatient and outpatient groups was Escherichia coli. The E. coli isolates were significantly higher in females compared to males (P = 0.03). High prevalence of resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (77.9%) in male patients, while amoxicillin (74%) was the most resistant antibiotic in females. However, the highest sensitivity was observed against imipenem in both male and female groups (97.9% and 97.2%, respectively) with no significant difference among them (P > 0.05). Conclusions: To date, this is the first study to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in patients with UTI in Iran. This study showed that E. coli was the leading bacterial pathogen of community acquired UTIs in Iran, Tehran. An increasing resistance to first line antibiotics for UTI pathogens was also indicated, which emphases the need to improve empiric treatment.
- ItemCorrelation Between Asymptomatic Persistent Microscopic Hematuria and Reflux Nephropathy(Brieflands, 2019-02-06) Yasaman Mirmoeini; Parsa Yousefichaijan; Manijeh Kahbazi; Pezhman Parsa; Ali KhosrobeigiBackground: Asymptomatic persistent microscopic hematuria is one of the common symptoms in children with kidney disorders and may be one of the most important signs of glomerular damage. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) also is one of the common disorders in children that causes scarring, secondary lesions, and subsequent problems, including hypertension, chronic renal failure, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: This is a case-control study that was conducted on 100 children with VUR (50 children with reflux nephropathy as the case group and 50 children without reflux nephropathy as the control group) at Amirkabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. The frequency of asymptomatic persistent microscopic hematuria was evaluated in both groups of children. Results: The mean age of the children in the case group was 2.93 ± 2.30 and in the control group was 3.46 ± 2.68 years old (P = 0.268). Thirty-four percent of the case group and 14% of the control group were males (P = 0.019). In addition, 22% of children in the case group and only 8% of children in the control group showed asymptomatic persistent microscopic hematuria (P = 0.049). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it seems that the asymptomatic persistent microscopic hematuria is more in children with reflux nephropathy.
- ItemIs the Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level Affected by Urethral Catheterization in Patients with Acute Urinary Retention?(Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Reza Shahrokhi Damavand; Ardalan Akhavan Tavakoli; Samaneh Esmaeili; Shahab Aali; Ehsan Kazemnezhad; Samira Kazemi; Amirhossein AbasiBackground: The reason for elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients undergoing urethral catheterization due to acute urinary retention (AUR) remains a significant and controversial issue. Objectives: To assess the serum PSA level in men with AUR and its changes after catheterization. Methods: This prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted on 43 patients who underwent transurethral catheterization following AUR caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Total PSA levels and free/total PSA ratios were measured before catheterization and one and three days after catheter insertion. Additionally, prostate volume and urine output after catheterization (UOAC) were recorded. Results: The mean age, prostate volume, and UOAC of the patients were 69.05 ± 9.45 years, 60.51 ± 26.35 g, and 844.04 ± 341.66 mL, respectively. The mean and median baseline total PSA levels were 12.59 ± 17.71 ng/mL and 6.30 ng/mL, respectively. These values changed to 13.73 ± 19.83 ng/mL (median = 4.80 ng/mL) and 11.57 ± 17.70 ng/mL (median = 4.40 ng/mL) after 1 and 3 days of catheterization, respectively. The changes in total PSA and free/total PSA levels during the study period were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest an initial elevation in PSA levels in patients with AUR before urethral catheterization. Both PSA and free/total PSA ratios showed no statistically significant differences before and after urethral catheter insertion, and initial PSA did not affect its changes after catheterization.
- ItemNo Association Between Cyclosporine Levels and Dyslipidemia?(Brieflands, 2014-01-01) Guido FillerThis article does not have an abstract.
- ItemBiofeedback for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Viable option for Select Patients(Brieflands, 2012-03-01) Benjamin Dillon; Philippe ZimmernThis article does not have an abstract.
- ItemPrevalence of Renal Osteodystrophy in African Hemodialysis Patients(Brieflands, 2013-07-01) Abdelaali Bahad; Driss El Kabbaj; Mohammed BenyahiaThis article does not have an abstract.
- ItemControlling HCV Infection in Hemodialysis Units(Brieflands, 2011-10-31) Mitra Mahdavi-MazdehPlease cite this paper as:Mahdavi-Mazdeh M. Controlling HCV Infection in Hemodialysis Units. Nephro-Urol Mon. 2011;3(4):311-2. c 2011 Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved.
- ItemDyslipidemia After Kidney Transplantation and Correlation With Cyclosporine Level: A Glimpse into the Future(Brieflands, 2013-11-01) Mohamed H. AhmedThis article does not have an abstract.