The Effect of Standardized Eryngium billardieri Hydroalcoholic Extract on Glycated Hemoglobin and Hepatic Enzymes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
| Author | Fahimeh Khoushabi | en |
| Author | Motahareh Bazzi Allari | en |
| Author | Saideh Jahantigh | en |
| Author | Alireza Bazziallahri | en |
| Orcid | Fahimeh Khoushabi [0009-0006-0230-0551] | en |
| Orcid | Motahareh Bazzi Allari [0009-0005-9171-4467] | en |
| Orcid | Saideh Jahantigh [0000-0001-8183-3503] | en |
| Orcid | Alireza Bazziallahri [0009-0006-7339-1120] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-06-30 | en |
| Abstract | Background: As the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases and the limitations of conventional pharmacological treatments persist, scientific interest in plant-based adjuvants with multitarget therapeutic effects has grown. Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Eryngium billardieri as an adjunctive intervention to improve glycemic control and hepatic enzyme parameters in patients with T2DM receiving stable metformin therapy. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 74 eligible participants aged 45 - 75 years with baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥ 7.5% and no history of hepatic disorders. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 parallel groups. The intervention group received 25 drops of E. billardieri extract, providing 1.5 mg of polyphenols per 100 mL of aqueous solution, twice daily after lunch and dinner for 14 weeks. The control group received an identical placebo regimen. All participants continued their baseline metformin dose (500 mg twice daily). Primary outcomes, including serum HbA1c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, were assessed at baseline and at study completion. Data were analyzed using independent-samples t tests for between-group comparisons and paired-samples t tests for within-group changes, using SPSS version 26. No serious adverse events were reported during the trial. Results: In the intervention group, HbA1c levels decreased significantly from 9.93 ± 2.48% to 8.61 ± 2.35% (mean difference, -1.32; 95% CI, -1.87 to -0.77; P = 0.000). In contrast, the control group showed no significant change in HbA1c levels, with values increasing marginally from 9.76 ± 1.50% to 10.30 ± 2.05% (P = 0.066). Conclusions: Adjunctive administration of E. billardieri extract for 14 weeks significantly improved long-term glycemic regulation and liver enzyme profiles in patients with T2DM receiving metformin, with no safety concerns observed. These findings suggest that it may be a cost-effective complementary approach to diabetes management. Nevertheless, further large-scale, multicenter studies are required to confirm these outcomes and elucidate the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.69107/jai-174245 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jai/articles/174245 | en |
| Keyword | <i>Eryngium billardieri</i> | en |
| Keyword | Diabetes Mellitus | en |
| Keyword | Glycated Hemoglobin | en |
| Keyword | Hepatic Enzymes | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | The Effect of Standardized <i>Eryngium billardieri</i> Hydroalcoholic Extract on Glycated Hemoglobin and Hepatic Enzymes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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