Analysis of Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis

Abstract

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are significant pathogens in nosocomial infections. Among patients with decompensated cirrhosis, the infection rate of MDR bacteria is as high as 34.6%. Since MDR bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics, these infections are difficult to control and can easily lead to severe complications such as organ failure and septic shock, ultimately increasing mortality rates. Therefore, timely identification of risk factors for MDR infections is of great clinical significance in preventing and controlling infections and improving the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Objectives: To analyze the risk factors associated with concurrent MDR bacterial infections in patients with cirrhotic decompensation. Methods: A cohort study was conducted to collect clinical data from 133 patients with cirrhosis in the decompensated stage, followed by an analysis of MDR bacterial infection types. Additionally, univariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Results: The incidence of MDR bacterial infections in patients with cirrhotic decompensation was 24.81%. Statistical analysis revealed that independent risk factors for MDR bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis included a hospital stay of ≥ 10 days (OR: 0.184, 95% CI: 0.45 - 90.748, P = 0.018) and the presence of septic shock for ≥ 10 days (OR: 0.027, 95% CI: 0.009 - 0.084, P < 0.001). Conclusions: A hospital stay of ≥ 10 days and the presence of septic shock are significant risk factors for MDR bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Therefore, rigorous assessment and the prompt implementation of targeted interventions are crucial in clinical settings.