Systematic Review of School-based Preventive Interventions on Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Call for Advancements

Abstract

Context: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant concern among youth, particularly in schools, differing from suicidal self-harm in prevalence, frequency, and lethality. Data Sources: This study reviewed empirical literature on NSSI in school settings using a narrative synthesis method, analyzing 8,655 entries from Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study Selection: After screening, four studies met the criteria, including three articles and one dissertation. Preventive interventions were categorized as school curriculum or after-school activities, using quasi-experimental or randomized control trial designs. Data Extraction: The data focused on NSSI outcomes from 1990 to April 2020, excluding studies with unclear non-suicidality definitions. Results: Findings indicated weak quality and effectiveness in current school-based preventive studies, though promising results were noted in terms of iatrogenic effect, feasibility, and secondary outcomes. Conclusions: The field requires a multidimensional approach, including eHealth apps, parental involvement, diversity considerations, and NSSI-focused theories.