Human Resources for Health in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Systematic Review of the WHO Workforce 2030 Strategy

Abstract

Context: Human resources for health (HRH) are a cornerstone of effective health systems. However, many lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) face persistent shortages and structural challenges. Objectives: This review evaluates the implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy for HRH: Workforce 2030 in Iran, Djibouti, Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, Palestine, and Pakistan. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature published between 2015 and 2025 was retrieved from seven databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. From 2,768 records screened, 52 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. Results: Progress toward the 2020 milestones varied across countries. Egypt demonstrated notable success in accreditation reforms, while Tunisia and Morocco faced challenges in policy implementation and workforce distribution. The role of community health workers (CHWs) was particularly effective in Iran, improving rural healthcare access and outcomes. Conclusions: Strengthening HRH in the EMRO requires sustained investment, robust data systems, and coordinated policy efforts. Integrating HRH strategies within broader health system reforms is essential to achieving equitable service delivery. Future research should address regional disparities and support resilient workforce planning.