Association of Toll-like Receptors and High-mobility Group Proteins with MicroRNAs in Melanoma

Abstract

Context: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been found to be important targets for cancer therapy in innate immunity. Such molecules are highly expressed in a wide variety of tumor cells and play an important role in immune responses, such as apoptosis. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus and google scholar databases for the studies published from January, 1998 to October, 2017 with the following keywords: “TLRS”, “MicroRNA”, “cancer”, “HMGB1”, and “Melanoma” Results: MiRNAs are mainly classified into 2 different groups, tumor suppressors and oncogenes. MiRNAs are closely related to damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns through the innate immunity signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). This review was carried out to find the relation between melanoma miRNAs with innate immune signaling pathways, such as toll-like receptors and high-mobility group box 1. High-mobility groups (HMG) are danger signal molecules, which can involve damage-associated molecular patterns and manage microRNAs. Conclusions: The important point in this field is that miRNA targeted in the immune defense can regulate inflammatory cytokines and alter cancerous phenotypes.