Investigating the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of <i>Alpinia purpurata</i> (Vieill.) K. Schum. Rhizome Extract: Metabolite Profiling, Network Pharmacology, in vitro Safety, and in vivo Validation
| Author | Kiki Mulkiya Yuliawati | en |
| Author | Fahriza Salsabilla Yuniar | en |
| Author | Ellin Febrina | en |
| Author | Gofarana Wilar | en |
| Author | Raden Maya Febriyanti | en |
| Author | Deshanda Kurniawan Prayoga | en |
| Author | Faisal Kuswandani | en |
| Author | Sri Adi Sumiwi | en |
| Author | Supat Jiranusornkul | en |
| Author | Jutti Levita | en |
| Orcid | Ellin Febrina [0000-0003-3004-5069] | en |
| Orcid | Gofarana Wilar [0000-0002-0904-3117] | en |
| Orcid | Raden Maya Febriyanti [0000-0002-3437-3011] | en |
| Orcid | Faisal Kuswandani [0000-0001-6301-6243] | en |
| Orcid | Sri Adi Sumiwi [0000-0002-7155-8592] | en |
| Orcid | Jutti Levita [0000-0002-4578-4174] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-12-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Alpinia purpurata has shown promising effects in alleviating inflammatory conditions; however, its underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of A. purpurata rhizome extract (EEAP) and its active metabolites through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Methods: The EEAP was analyzed for proximate composition, vitamin C content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC), and metabolite profile, followed by a network pharmacology analysis. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in HEK-293 cells. An in vivo study of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats was conducted to validate the findings. Results: EEAP contained 42.12% ash, 34.66% moisture, 6.03% protein, 16.60% fat, and 0.59% carbohydrate. The vitamin C content was 941.55 mg/100 g extract, the TPC was 452.9 mg GAE/100 g extract, the TFC was 416.1 mg QUE/100 g extract, and the TMAC was 2770 mg/100 g extract. Functional enrichment analysis identified the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway as contributing to IL-23 production. Eight metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties were verified based on their Pa values: glycidyl oleate, 1-stearoylglycerol, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl palmitate, shogaol, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, ginkgoneolic acid, and curcumene. EEAP was not toxic to HEK-293 cells (IC50= 741.1 μg/mL) compared with quercetin (IC50= 96.73 μg/mL) and cisplatin (IC50= 7.44 μg/mL). EEAP reduced edema volume but did not alter TLR4 or MyD88 expression under the present experimental conditions. Conclusions: EEAP is not toxic to normal cells and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing edema volume in carrageenan-induced rats; however, it does not alter the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-169725 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpr/articles/169725 | en |
| Keyword | <i>Alpinia</i> Species | en |
| Keyword | Drug Discovery | en |
| Keyword | Inflammation | en |
| Keyword | Quercetin | en |
| Keyword | Shogaol | en |
| Keyword | Zingiberaceae | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Investigating the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of <i>Alpinia purpurata</i> (Vieill.) K. Schum. Rhizome Extract: Metabolite Profiling, Network Pharmacology, in vitro Safety, and in vivo Validation | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |