Reproductive Toxicity of Aflatoxins: A Brief Report with Implications for Public Health Policy

Abstract

Context: Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus species and pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Exposure to AFs may lead to reproductive disorders and reduced fertility. Objectives: This health policy brief highlights the potential reproductive health risks associated with chronic AF exposure and emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of food quality and storage conditions to reduce contamination. Evidence Acquisition: This health policy brief synthesizes evidence from our previously published studies and other relevant literature to assess the effects of AF exposure on fertility in in vitro and in vivo models. Evidence was identified from several databases. Results: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) disrupt spermatogenesis by interfering with genes involved in cell-cycle progression, including cyclins. They also induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes in vivo, activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and exert cytotoxicity in TM3 mouse Leydig cells. Conclusions: AFs may affect fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis, potentially reducing fertility. Reducing chronic exposure through improved food storage and monitoring is important for protecting reproductive health.