Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Choice and Infection in Bam City, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Vaccination is the most effective and cost-efficient strategy for preventing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aims to examine the determinants influencing vaccine selection and assess their concurrent impact on contracting COVID-19 among individuals referred to vaccination centers in Bam city from the start of Iran’s vaccination campaign until the end of November 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all individuals receiving any available COVID-19 vaccines. Data were collected using a researcher-developed checklist and analyzed using SPSS-21 software, employing univariate and multivariate logistic regression as well as multinomial logistic regression. Participants were selected through cluster sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Results: Data from 1,091 participants (552 males and 539 females) were analyzed. Several factors, including age, occupation, infection history, and post-vaccination complications, significantly influenced vaccine selection. Specifically, individuals receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine demonstrated a 1.43-fold lower likelihood of contracting COVID-19 compared to those vaccinated with Sinopharm. Conversely, individuals receiving Sputnik, Barkat, and Baharat vaccines exhibited a higher probability of COVID-19 infection relative to Sinopharm recipients. Conclusions: Clear and effective communication regarding vaccine safety and efficacy is essential for enhancing public acceptance. National initiatives to raise awareness and address concerns can facilitate informed vaccine choices and improve immunization outcomes.