The Method and Analysis of Some Biochemical Tests Commonly Used for Microbial Identification: A Review

Abstract

Context: Bacterial identification is a fundamental aspect of microbiological research due to the significant impact that microbes have on various aspects of life. To facilitate this, a range of methods has been developed, spanning from basic identification techniques like Gram staining, acid-fast stain, and spore staining, to advanced molecular approaches such as 16S rRNA detection. Additionally, specific biochemical techniques, which rely on the enzymatic functions of individual strains, allow for the differentiation of a diverse range of bacteria. One such technique is the catalase test, which is based on the activity of the catalase enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Each biochemical test has its own set of procedures and analytical requirements, making it crucial to adhere strictly to the designated protocols and accurately interpret the results obtained. Evidence Acquisition: This review offers a comprehensive discussion of various biochemical tests routinely employed in microbial identification procedures. For example, it has been established that the catalase enzyme is present only in aerobic strains, such as Bacillus species that test positive. Results: Biochemical techniques provide a reliable approach for the preliminary identification of bacteria by leveraging the enzymatic activities specific to each strain. Conclusions: Biochemical assays are widely used to identify bacterial strains, enhancing efficiency, optimizing time management, and minimizing expenses. These tests, along with specific media and characteristics such as strain morphology, enable the precise identification of target bacteria.