A Case of HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis with Hydrocephalus and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Toxoplasma gondii infections are usually subclinical in individuals with normal immune system function, with severe clinical symptoms rarely observed. However, in immunocompromised hosts, particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), it can lead to severe conditions. Case Presentation: This paper presents the case of a patient with unilateral progressive ventriculomegaly caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in combination with cerebral toxoplasmosis. The patient underwent preoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), resulting in an excellent prognosis. Conclusions: This case illustrates that early surgical intervention may result in an excellent prognosis for HIV patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis and hydrocephalus when anti-infective therapy proves ineffective.