Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depression are common psychological challenges among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD), yet their prevalence and associated factors remain underreported in Vietnam. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and identify associated factors among CKD patients receiving HD at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (UMC HCMC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2024 involving 108 CKD patients on HD. Anxiety and depression were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis included chi-square and generalized linear models (GLMs) to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 29.6% and 40.7%, respectively, with 13.0% of patients experiencing both conditions. Anxiety was associated with age (40 - 59 years), smoking, and economic status, while depression was linked to age, education level, ethnicity (notably Hoa ethnicity), HD complications, diabetes comorbidity, physical activity, and external social support. These findings were consistent with previous international studies. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are prevalent among CKD patients undergoing HD in Vietnam, influenced by multiple demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Integrating routine psychological screening and multidisciplinary interventions into HD care is essential to improve mental health and overall quality of life in this population.