MicroRNA Regulation in Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

AuthorMahsa Khosrojerdien
AuthorSeyyed Ahmad Hashemien
AuthorReza Besharatien
AuthorAli Haghbinen
AuthorAhmad Vosughi-Motlaghen
AuthorAmir Azimianen
OrcidAmir Azimian [0000-0002-2532-8198]en
Issued Date2025-06-30en
AbstractBackground: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including viral and bacterial infections such as genital warts, syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), present ongoing global health challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of host-pathogen interactions, offering novel insights into disease mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Objectives: This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of miRNAs in STD pathogenesis, with a focus on their regulatory functions in immune response modulation, signaling pathway disruption, and clinical relevance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of miRNA studies related to STDs, integrating data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research to evaluate their influence on disease progression and outcomes. Results: Dysregulated miRNAs are central to STD pathogenesis. In HPV-induced genital warts, miR-34a-5p downregulation correlates with PD-L1 upregulation, while miR-26a and miR-143/145 disrupt PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling. Syphilis exhibits elevated miR-338-5p in latent infections and miR-142-3p-mediated immune evasion. In gonorrhea, miR-146a suppresses NF-κB signaling, aiding bacterial survival, whereas Chlamydia infections involve miR-30c-5p and miR-135a in bacterial clearance and T-cell regulation. MicroRNAs modulate key pathways such as PI3K/AKT, TLR, and NF-κB, influencing immune responses and disease progression across STDs. Their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is promising but requires further clinical validation. Conclusions: MicroRNAs represent valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for STDs. Future research should prioritize mechanistic elucidation and translational studies to advance STD management strategies.en
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69107/jmb-167259en
URIhttps://brieflands.com/journals/jmb/articles/167259en
KeywordMicroRNAsen
KeywordSexually Transmitted Diseasesen
KeywordBiomarkersen
KeywordImmune Regulationen
KeywordTherapeutic Targetsen
KeywordPathogenesisen
PublisherBrieflandsen
TitleMicroRNA Regulation in Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Implicationsen
TypeReview Articleen

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