Unexpected Diagnosis of Uterine Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor During Cesarean Section

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare lesion with intermediate malignancy, characterized by myofibroblastic spindle cells and inflammatory infiltrates. Uterine IMTs primarily affect premenopausal women, often causing pain or bleeding. They are commonly misdiagnosed as smooth muscle tumors. This report presented a rare case of an asymptomatic uterine IMT that was initially misdiagnosed as a fibroid during antenatal care and incidentally discovered during a cesarean delivery. Case Presentation: During a term cesarean section in a 26-year-old woman, a uterine mass was excised. Histopathological analysis and molecular testing subsequently confirmed the presence of an IMT. The patient achieved an excellent outcome with surgical intervention alone. Conclusions: This case highlights that uterine IMT can mimic fibroids during pregnancy and may remain asymptomatic. A definitive diagnosis requires histopathology with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) testing.