Symptoms, Ways of Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment of HIV Virus: A Review
| Author | Amr Ali Mohamed Abdelgawwad El-Sehrawy | en |
| Author | Mohammad Rudiansyah | en |
| Author | Zahraa Abbas | en |
| Author | Mohannad Abdulrazzaq Gati | en |
| Author | Batool Ali Ahmed | en |
| Author | Mohammad Javad Mohammadi | en |
| Orcid | Mohammad Rudiansyah [0000-0002-5469-9641] | en |
| Orcid | Mohammad Javad Mohammadi [0000-0001-8621-0460] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-01-31 | en |
| Abstract | Context: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans causes the disease acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the recent decade, one of the main challenges of the health system, dangerous infectious diseases, and a major health problem in the world is AIDS. Objectives: The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the HIV virus. Methods: This narrative review article has been performed using the keywords HIV virus, chronic disease, and AIDS disease, along with their English equivalents, according to different databases including Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from the years 1990 to 2024. A total of 392 articles were retrieved according to these databases. Results: The main symptoms of HIV include fever, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, weight loss, pneumonia, diarrhea, and oral yeast infection. The results of this study showed that AIDS can last from about three years to more than 20 years without any treatment, depending on the strength of the person's immune system. Exposure to infected blood or tissue, sexual contact, and mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding are the main ways of transmission of the HIV virus. A common misconception about AIDS is that it can be transmitted through daily living with people living with the HIV virus. Based on the results of this study, sex education in schools, regular use of condoms, needle exchange, and drug substitution treatments among injecting drug addicts, using a vaginal gel containing tenofovir immediately before sex, performing accurate tests on blood products, and using up-to-date laboratory equipment in the long term reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Conclusions: This study evaluated the symptoms, ways of transmission, prevention, and treatment of the HIV virus. The main ways of reducing the transmission of HIV include raising awareness of the dangers of HIV and AIDS among people, sex education for young people in schools, efforts to reduce the number of addicts, especially injection drug addicts, reducing high-risk sexual behaviors, and increasing healthcare coverage for patients with the HIV virus. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc-164164 | en |
| Keyword | HIV Virus | en |
| Keyword | AIDS | en |
| Keyword | Chronic Disease | en |
| Keyword | Infection | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Symptoms, Ways of Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment of HIV Virus: A Review | en |
| Type | Review Article | en |