A Comprehensive Review on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Complex, with Emphasis on <i>S. argenteus</i>, <i>S. roterodami</i>, <i>S. schweitzeri</i>, <i>S. singaporensis</i>, and Their Role in Human Infections

Abstract

Context: The Staphylococcaceae family consists of nine genera, with Staphylococcus being one of them. In 2015, the Staphylococcus aureus complex was introduced, incorporating five species: Staphylococcus aureus, S. roterodami, S. argenteus (formerly identified as S. aureus clonal complex 75 or CC75), S. schweitzeri, and S. singaporensis. Evidence Acquisition: This review comprehensively examines the S. aureus complex, particularly focusing on lesser-known and overlooked species. Results: This article highlights their important roles in human infections and food safety, which have been underexplored. This review explains updated taxonomic classifications and emphasizes these species’ distinct phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Conclusions: Additionally, we discuss their clinical manifestations, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance patterns for readers and clinicians.