From Hairline to Lipid Line: Prevalence and Spectrum of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia – A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive form of hair loss that requires prolonged medical treatment. The AGA causes psychological distress and is associated with cardiovascular comorbidities. Numerous studies have sought an association between male AGA and hyperlipidemia, but these lack substantial evidence, consistency, and uniformity. There are even fewer studies in females. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and spectrum of dyslipidemia in both males and females with AGA. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in males and females with AGA, and to measure the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), TC/HDL ratio, and LDL/HDL ratio in cases with AGA. Methods: From January 2020 to June 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 male and female patients aged 18 - 55 years with AGA at the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Dermatology, KR Hospital, Mysuru. Fasting blood samples were collected to analyze serum lipids, including TC, TG, HDLs, LDLs, TC/HDL ratio, and LDL/HDL ratio. The data were then recorded for analysis and interpretation. Results: Statistically significant elevations in TG levels, LDL levels, TC/HDL ratio, and low HDL levels were found among all age groups. The variation in levels of TC, LDL, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was statistically significant with severe grades of AGA compared to mild-moderate grades. Acanthosis nigricans was more commonly observed in cases with deranged TG, LDL, TC, and VLDL levels. Low HDL levels were statistically significant among AGA cases with Grade 2 acne vulgaris. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of lipid abnormalities was associated with AGA cases, especially in the severe grades. While treating AGA, particularly in male cases, clinicians should exercise caution and undertake early screening and treatment of hyperlipidemia to prevent atherosclerosis and its complications. Patients should also be advised regarding lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.