Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> (Mandarin) Essential Oil and In Vitro Efficacy Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
| Author | Zahraa A.E. Al Naqqash | en |
| Author | Rasha Eldalawy | en |
| Author | Ayyub Mojaddami | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-05-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: This study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Citrus reticulata (mandarin) peel essential oil against multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Given the global health threat posed by antibiotic resistance, this research aimed to explore plant-derived alternatives. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Citrus reticulata peel essential oil against multidrug-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to assess the oil’s antioxidant capacity. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified D-limonene as the primary component (88.45%), along with minor constituents. Results: The essential oil’s primary component was D-limonene (88.45%). The oil exhibited potent antibacterial activity against all tested multidrug-resistant S. aureus (n = 6) and P. aeruginosa (n = 5) isolates, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40,000 ppm. Furthermore, in the DPPH assay, the oil showed superior antioxidant capacity, with a 100% oil concentration achieving 60% radical scavenging activity, exceeding the 54.08% activity of the ascorbic acid control. Conclusions: Mandarin peel essential oil exhibits significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds against multidrug-resistant infections. Its dual antibacterial and antioxidant activities highlight its promise in combating antimicrobial resistance. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, conducting in vivo studies, and evaluating potential clinical applications. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-169480 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jjnpp/articles/169480 | en |
| Keyword | Mandarin Oil | en |
| Keyword | Staphylococcus Aureus | en |
| Keyword | Pseudomonas Aeruginosa | en |
| Keyword | GC-MS | en |
| Keyword | Antimicrobial Resistance | en |
| Keyword | DPPH Antioxidant Assay | en |
| Keyword | Essential Oils | en |
| Keyword | Phytotherapy | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> (Mandarin) Essential Oil and In Vitro Efficacy Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |