Steroid hormones level in milk of non-pregnant and pregnant river buffalos at various gestational trimesters

Abstract

Background: Milk is a valuable sources of nutrition in the human diet however; there are reports on safety of milk steroid hormones contain. This study designed to determine the level of steroid hormones including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) in raw and pasteurized milk from non-pregnant and pregnant buffalos.