Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

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Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences is a peer-reviewed medical quarterly which is informative to all clinical and basic aspects of medicine. Original papers, review articles, case reports, brief reports, and letters to the editor in the field of all aspects of medical sciences are welcome. Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically by using the journal online submission.[Journal Info]

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 1084

The survival rate of self-immolators in Kermanshah Province 2010- 2011
(Brieflands, 2013-12-30) Farid Najafi; Touraj Ahmadijouybari; Mehdi Moradinazar; Maria Ataie; Behzad karamimatin; Reza karamimatin; Masoumeh Hatami; Afshin Almasi
Background: Self-immolation is one of the most violent methods of suicide, which is spreading in Iran. The highest rate of deaths due to committing suicide and self-immolation in Iran is observed in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted to study the survival rate and the factors that influence survival among the ones who commit self-immolation in Kermanshah province.
Illicit Drug Use and the Associated Factors Among University Students: A Report in the Southwest of Iran
(Brieflands, 2020-06-30) Haleh Ghaem; Sima Afrashteh; Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi; Ali Gholami; Leila Nami Nazari; Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo; Hamid Reza Tabatabaee
Background: Illicit drug use is a major public health concern among university students. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and the associated factors in a population of Iranian university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bushehr, located in the Northwest of Iran in 2017. The participants were selected randomly and included 977 university students. Anonymous, structured questionnaires were completed by the students. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of data on illicit drug use, smoking habits, sexual behaviors, alcohol consumption, physical fights, religious beliefs, parental support, and illicit drug use by the family members and friends. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of illicit drug use during the lifetime, past year, past month, and daily/almost daily was estimated at 4%, 3.3%, 2.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants, opium, and heroin was 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.5%, and 0.1%, respectively. After adjustment for other factors, male gender (OR = 4.06), working along with education (OR = 2.33), smoking habits (OR = 4.00), physical fights (OR = 4.04), and illicit drug use by friends (OR = 2.71) were associated with illicit drug use. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of illicit drug use was relatively low, albeit significant, among the students in Bushehr. Among the determined factors associated with this issue, illicit drug use was strongly correlated with drug use by friends. Our findings could be used for the planning and evaluation of interventions based on the related risk factors.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Sea Anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni) Isolated Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus), and Pseudoalteromonas (P. gelatinilytica and P. piscicida) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Brieflands, 2021-03-31) Neda Fazeli; Akram Sadat Naeemi; Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali; Hojjatolah Zamani
Background: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important human bacterial pathogens, which are resistant to several antibiotics. One of the main causes of their resistance is the ability of biofilm formation. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the extracts of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas gelatinilytica, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida isolated from sea anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Methods: Four isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical and molecular identification methods, and their extracts were obtained by mixing the cell-free supernatants from their old broth culture using ethyl acetate and methanol as the solvents. The agar well-diffusion and micro-dilution methods were also applied to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts. The ability of the extracts to inhibit biofilm formation and disrupt the preformed biofilm of the pathogens was attained through crystal violet staining in 96-well microtiter plates. To determine the nature of the extracts, they were exposed to protease enzyme, and the antibiofilm activity was compared with the untreated extracts. Results: The extracts of the four isolated bacteria inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation and disrupted the preformed biofilm of S. aureus (MIC = BIC = 600 µg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC = BIC = 300 µg/mL). In addition, the active compounds of the extracts with antibiofilm activities were mainly proteases. Conclusions: According to the results, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, P. gelatinilytica, and P. piscicida had antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and their extract could also be further analyzed as an alternative to antibiotics.
The Correlation of Nrf2 rs6721961 Variants with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Kurdistan of Iraq
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Gulshan Omar Ahmed; Zohreh Rahimi; Ebrahim Shakiba; Rozita Nasari; Fatemeh Khadir; Maryam Kohsari
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease that the interaction of genetic background with environmental factors could enhance its risk. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects cells against oxidative damage and toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the Nrf2 gene variants with the risk of T2DM and obesity in the Kurdistan of Iraq. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 individuals categorized into 4 groups: 67 obese T2DM patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), 65 normal BMI diabetic patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 62 obese non-diabetics, and 56 normal BMI non-diabetic individuals. The Nrf2 rs6721961 variants were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme of NgoMIV. Results: In the obese T2DM group, the levels of waist, and wrist circumference were significantly more than those of obese non-diabetic controls. Total antioxidant capacity level was not significantly different comparing patients with their controls. The Nrf2 T allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in normal BMI patients. In addition, carrying the T allele significantly reduced the risk of obesity. Conclusions: According to the results, significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters was detected in obese T2DM compared with obese non-diabetic controls. The T allele of Nrf2 decreased T2DM risk among patients with normal BMI and obesity risk among Kurdish residents of Iraq. The findings of our research can be used in the prevention and management of T2DM by improving lifestyle habits.
Sleep disturbance associated factors in menopausal women
(Brieflands, 2011-11-20) Neda Ekbatani; Simin Taavoni; Neda Ekbatani; Hamid Haghani
: Background: Sleep is necessary in life and approximately 1/3 of human life is devoted to sleep. One of the most common problems in menopausal women is sleep disturbance. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of sleep disorders and its related factors in 50 – 60 years old women
Quality of life in patients inhabiting in chronic mental patients care center
(Brieflands, 2014-02-28) Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi; Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi; Reza Mollaei; Mehrzad Naseri
: The present descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out on all chronic mental patients inhabiting in chronic mental patient care center in Zanjan. All mental patients were evaluated by WHOQOL and Zung anxiety and depression questionnaires. The means for quality of life in physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental factors domains were 17.28, 13.69, 14.48, and 16/16, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the means of quality of life and depression for all domains, except environmental factors domain. Depression was the most significant predictor of quality of life among other variables.
Ergonomic Assessment of Manual Material Handling and Work – Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Miners (Kermanshah, 2001)
(Brieflands, 2002-06-20) F Gharagozloo; B Karami Matin
History & Objective: Regarding the high prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) among miners and lack of information concerning Manual Material Handling (MMH), this research was designed to identify these disorders and their risk factors through active surveillance process and 1991 revised NIOSH lifting equation for assessment of MMH surface stone mines in Kermanshah during 2001.
Management of Severe Pre-eruptive Caries in First Permanent Molar: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2023-03-31) Arghavan Kamali Sabeti; Shaghayegh Golshani; Fahimeh Daneshyar
Introduction: The study aimed to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a six years old boy with severe pre-eruptive caries with preservation of pulp vitality after surgical exposure in the permanent mandibular molar. Pre-eruptive intra coronal caries are often an accidental lesion as a radiolucent finding in the coronal dentin of a tooth which did not erupted into the oral space. However, treatment modality is still not reported systematically. Case Presentation: The preventive approach effectively preserved the tooth vitality with no symptoms, while normal root development is processing during follow-up sessions. Conclusions: Accurate radiographic examination in visit and follow up sessions is fundamental for proper detection and intervention in pre-eruptive caries lesions.
Self-efficacy and perceived benefits / barriers on the AIDs preventive behaviors
(Brieflands, 2012-01-20) Mahmood Karimy; Shamsadin Niknami
Background: Drug users (opiate dependency) account for about 65% of all AIDS cases in Iran. Drug injection has been identified as the most common way of HIV transmission in these patients. This study aimed to determine self-efficacy, and perceived benefits / barriers of AIDs preventive behaviors in opiate dependency.
Application of Group Sequential Methods to Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2002-06-20) A Kazemnejad; F Sohrabvand; MH Rakhshani
History & Objective: One of the most important issues in scientific research is determination of sample size for caculation of statistical indices such as mean and ratio. Researchers, usually use a fix confidence interval of 95%, a test power of 90% with fixed error and one or two sample formula to estimate a fix sample size. Due to some ethical, administrative and economical reasons using fix sample size in clinical trials is not practical. Group sequential methods are part of design and analysis of experiments. In group sequential methods, we try to solve problems by reducing the sample size and choosing a suitable test such as Pocock, O’Brien-Fleming, Lan-DEMets and the like. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of group sequential methods in determination of sample size and to analyze the results of the effect of single and multiple courses of corticosteroid therapy on Pretem Premuture Rupture of Memberance (PPROM) with a gestational age of 28-36 weeks.
LPG Storage Spheres Risk Assessment with FMEA and ETBA Methods
(Brieflands, 2008-09-20) Hojat Nejadali; SB Mortazavi; A Khavanin
Introduction: Everyone who wants to analyze the safety needs to choose one method among all available ways. This study was carried out to identify energies and barriers in LPG storage spheres in a petrochemical complex using ETBA method. It also examines the quantitative evaluation of failure modes and their effects as well as evaluation of effect of FMEA and comparing the results plus the identification of the advantage and disadvantages of the two methods.
The Essential Points Regarding Laboratory Biosafety to Prevent the Spread of SARS-CoV-2
(Brieflands, 2023-06-30) Shirin Mafi; Nima Fouladi Ghareshiran; Hediyeh Hamidi; Seyed Mohammad Mohyeddin Kazemeini; Poorya Davoodi; Farnaz Mozayani; Bahareh Nowruzi; Ali Fanoodi
A current biosafety and biosecurity crisis, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, threatens public health, making it crucial to assess and follow optimal laboratory conditions to prevent any contamination and spread of the lethal virus. Much medical staff have been lost to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dimensions of laboratory biosafety were examined in this study to reduce risks associated with COVID-19 treatment. In addition, this research primarily focuses on assessing laboratory biosafety regarding emerging coronaviruses. This research will determine which aspects need to be addressed to address the risks and implement them in the correct order and at the right time to be as educational as possible.
Maternal lived experience of primiparous mothers (from childbirth to one-year-old): a phenomenological study
(Brieflands, 2017-12-31) Ameneh Fahimi Far; Masoumeh Esmaeily; Atoosa Kalantar Hormozi; Hossein Salimi Bajestani
Introduction: Family changes significantly by childbirth, which requires the family system to reconstruct in all aspects of life. These changes may cause tremendous challenges to mothers especially for the newborn. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore primiparous mothers’ experiences (childbirth to one-year-old).
The Spectrum of Chest CT-Scans in the Hospitalized Patients with the Coronavirus Disease
(Brieflands, 2020-12-31) Maria Shirvani; Alireza Janbakhsh; Feizollah Mansouri; Babak Sayad; Siavash Vaziri; Mandana Afsharian; Mohammad Hossein Zamanian; Ronak Miladi; Zahra Aziziaram; Masoomeh Nouri; Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
Background: Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses, which range from the common cold virus to the causative agent of more severe diseases. Coronavirus was declared a pandemic in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Iran has been an endemic zone for the spread of the coronavirus since the outset of this global epidemic and has remained among the countries largely affected by high rates of the disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the range of the chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings among the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Kermanshah, Iran during March-April 2020 to contribute to the accurate diagnosis of the infected patients. Methods: The sample population consisted of 286 hospitalized patients diagnosed with or suspected of the coronavirus disease. Chest CT-scan images and clinical data were reviewed, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: In total, 176 patients (61.53%) were male, and 110 (38.47%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 56 years. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that 35.31% of the cases had coronavirus, while the results were negative in 64.69% of the cases. In addition, the CT-scan findings indicated 77.27% abnormal and 22.73% normal chest CT-scans. Among the patients, 75.87% recovered completely, and 18.53% died. The major CT abnormalities were diffuse ground-glass opacification (35.66%), peripheral ground-glass opacification (bilateral; 21.33%), and a combination of diffuse and peripheral ground-glass lesions (18.88%). The consolidation lesion of one lobe was detected in 16 patients, and the consolidation lesion of more than one lobe was observed in 40 patients. Conclusions: According to the results, the most common chest CT-scan findings in COVID-19 include diffuse ground-glass opacification, peripheral ground-glass opacification (bilateral), central ground-glass opacification (bilateral), a combination of diffuse and peripheral ground-glass opacification, a combination of central and peripheral ground-glass opacification, the consolidation lesion of one lobe, and the consolidation lesion of more than one lobe. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between the CT-scans and the main clinical symptoms, while no significant correlations were denoted between the chest CT-scan and PCR results.
Predictors of In-ICU Mortality Among Older Patients with Healthcare-Associated Infection: A Cohort Study
(Brieflands, 2023-09-30) Fereshteh Rezaie; Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi; Reza Fadayevatan; Mohsen Shati; Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni
Background: Deaths occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), especially in older adults, and healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) can increase mortality risk in this age range. Identifying the underlying factors that lead to HCAI is crucial for preventing and mitigating the risk of premature deaths. Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictors of in-ICU mortality among older adult patients with HCAI. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran, where 461 individuals aged 60 years and older were meticulously observed over a 6-month in March 2021. Mortality was considered the outcome, and the Apache II questionnaire, the frailty index, and demographic information were completed. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Older adult patients with HCAI had a 77% death rate out of 461 eligible individuals. Half of HCAIs were reported as ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most significant death percentages were observed in Klebsiella (37%) and Acinetobacter (21%). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR = 50.90, CI = 1.22 - 214.95), frailty status (OR = 45.94, CI = 17.51 - 120.52), COVID-19 (OR = 2.87, CI = 1.24 - 6.66), Apache-II (OR = 1.192, CI = 1.13 - 1.25) and length of hospital stays (OR = 1.05, CI = 1.02 - 1.07) significantly predicted mortality in older adult patients with HCAI. Conclusions: The mortality of older adults with HCAI is affected by factors such as Ventilator-associated pneumonia, frailty, COVID-19, disease severity, and length of hospital stay. Identifying risk factors for mortality is helpful for treatment planning, resource allocation, and identifying at-risk patients.
The Epidemiology of Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Intensive Care Units in Kermanshah Hospitals (Iran)
(Brieflands, 2023-09-30) Khosro Farhadi; Mehdi Rahimi; Afshar Shahmohammadi
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the highest incidence of hospital-acquired infection (HAI), and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) are a common problem of critical illness. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of HAUTIs in medical intensive care units (ICUs) and hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive/analytical study was conducted in the ICUs of hospitals in Kermanshah from March 2018 to 2019. All the recognized HAUTIs were recorded in the Iranian National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-tests and chi-square were used for data interpretation. Results: A total of 1136 patients were admitted to the two ICUs (61 missed out of 1197 patients). The number of patients with UTI was 51, and the overall HAI rate was 4.5%. The results showed a significant relationship between sex and HAUTI (P = 0.038), so women tended to have more HAUTIs than men (6.3 and 3.6%, respectively). A significant relationship was observed between age, date (different seasons of the year), and HAUTI (P = 0.588, 0.115, respectively). Conclusions: There are few studies on HAUTIs, especially on intensive care unit-acquired infections, and more studies are required to describe the epidemiology and management of these problems. Improving conditions for expanding any strategy to reduce infections associated with HAUTIs in ICUs is recommended.
A Survey on the Relationship Between Fetal Heart Rate in the First Trimester and Gestational Diabetes
(Brieflands, 2023-09-30) Nazanin Farshchian; Hanyieh Mohajerpour; Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can complicate pregnancy. Ultrasound examination of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is essential to routine pregnancy care. Several studies have reported the effect of GDM on FHR. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between FHR in the first trimester and GDM. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 214 pregnant women. The FHR of all fetuses was measured once in the first and second trimesters after a glucose challenge test (GCT). Based on the GCT, all pregnant women were divided into two groups (GDM and healthy). The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 to investigate the relationship between GDM and the first-trimester FHR. Results: The mean FHR of the first trimester in GDM and healthy pregnant women was 164.38 ± 7.20 and 164.25 ± 7.43, respectively (P = 0.930). After GCT, the mean FHR in GDM and healthy pregnant women was 144.97 ± 7.60 and 146.65 ± 8.71, respectively (P = 0.326). The FHR in the first trimester and after GCT in GDM and healthy pregnant women were not significantly different. The logistic regression results showed that FHR cannot predict GDM. Conclusions: Based on the results, the fetus’s heart rate cannot be used to predict gestational diabetes.
Cushing Syndrome in Pregnancy: A Case Presentation and Review of Literature
(Brieflands, 2023-03-31) HamidReza Samimagham; Ava Ziaei; Mohammad Tamaddondar; Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
The Cushing syndrome typically presents with abdominal obesity, wide purple striae, glucose intolerance, hypertension, easy bruising, and muscle weakness, a rare disorder interfering with ovulation, making the combination of Cushing syndrome and pregnancy less common. Nevertheless, Cushing syndrome has been reported in pregnancy. Here we report another case of pregnancy with Cushing syndrome, which presents merely with obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, using a literature review at the end.
Epidemiological Evidence of the Recent Surge in MS in Asia and Australia: A Systematic Review
(Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Sharareh Eskandarieh; Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Context: Recently, the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased drastically in different regions of the world, including Asia. The present study aimed to systematically review the recent MS epidemiology in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Embase databases to retrieve the available studies regarding MS epidemiology in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. Results: Most of the studies were performed in hospital settings. The female-to-male ratio in the sample populations varied from 1.5:1 in Turkey to 5:1 in Malaysia. The total mean age at the onset of MS varied from the minimum of 28 years in Hong Kong to the maximum of 36 years in the United Arab Emirates. Among 16 pertinent studies in this regard, seven addressed the incidence rate of MS, and 13 addressed the prevalence of the disease. The highest prevalence rate was reported to be respectively 124.2 and 148.06 in Australia and Iran versus 2.73 in Malaysia (06 per 100,000 population), while a higher incidence rate was estimated at 6.88 and 6.7 per 100,000 population in Kuwait and Australia, respectively compared to the lower incidence rate per 100,000 population in China (0.2 in females, 0.12 in males). Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of MS has increased in Asia, while the prevalence of MS in this continent is lower compared to the rates reported in Australia, Europe, and North America.
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Occurring After Second Dose of Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2022-12-31) Leyla Rezaei
An old-aged woman was evaluated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) vision reduction in his left eye three weeks after the Sinopharm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1m counting finger in the left eye and 10/10 in the right eye. Initial retinal findings were superior retinal hemorrhage with prominent retinal vein dilation and tortuosity in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed a BRVO diagnosis. Blood reports showed no abnormalities. Antithrombotic treatment of 80 mg/d low-dose entrocoated ASA was administered. In addition, an intravitreal Aflibercept (Eylea) injection, monthly and ongoing, was prescripted, which led to a decrease in macular edema, retinal hemorrhage, and height of serous retinal detachment. Moreover, the BCVA improved to 2/10 after a three-week follow-up.

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