Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

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Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences is a peer-reviewed medical quarterly which is informative to all clinical and basic aspects of medicine. Original papers, review articles, case reports, brief reports, and letters to the editor in the field of all aspects of medical sciences are welcome. Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically by using the journal online submission.[Journal Info]

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1) Double-Blind Peer Review System

2) Open Peer Review (since Aug 2019), Show List of All Published Reviewers' Comments

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 1078

The Efficacy of Combined “Oral Simvastatin Plus Narrowband UVB Phototherapy” Than “Phototherapy Alone” in Treating Skin Lesions in Patients with Vitiligo, a Double-Blind Add-On Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Ladan Dastgheib; Khadijeh Salehi Rad; Hossein Cheshmeh Ghasabani; Maryam Sadat Sadati
Background: A tailored therapy for vitiligo is crucial in enhancing patients' quality of life and decreasing the associated dimensions. In addition, statins play a significant function in modulating the immune system. Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of oral simvastatin in treating skin lesions in patients with vitiligo. Methods: This interventional randomized clinical trial enrolled 50 vitiligo patients referred to Shahid Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz (Iran) in 2015. Participants were divided into control and intervention groups using block randomization. Participants in the control group received “NB-UVB phototherapy plus placebo,” and those in the intervention group received “NB-UVB phototherapy with 40, 60, and 80 mg simvastatin by a monthly increase in the drug dosage”. A reduction in the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score and side effects were measured for four months, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: At the start of the study, the mean score for the disease severity was equal for both groups (P ˃ 0.05). However, the disease severity was significantly reduced in the following stages of the study in the simvastatin group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Oral simvastatin enhances the photothermal outcomes while exerting trivial side effects. Thus, combining oral simvastatin with phototherapy is recommended as a potent strategy for treating patients with vitiligo.
Evaluation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1, Interleukin-29 and Lysosomal Trafficking Regulator in Severe COVID-19
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Mojdeh Lashkari; Ashraf Kariminik; Mohammad Javad Soltani-Banavandi
Background: The pathogenesis of Severe SARS-CoV-2 is closely linked to severe immune responses and inflammation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) has a crucial role in inhibiting cytokine-induced immune responses. On the other hand, interleukin-29 (IL-29) and lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) are important molecules involved in inducing immune responses. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the mRNA levels of SOCS1, IL-29, and LYST in the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe symptoms. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms and 70 healthy controls were evaluated. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood and after cDNA synthesis, the mRNA levels of SOCS1, IL-29, and LYST were assessed by Real-Time PCR technique Results: The study revealed that severe COVID-19 patients exhibited a significant increase in mRNA levels of IL-29 compared to healthy individuals. However, there were no observed alterations in the mRNA levels of SOCS1 and LYST in the patient group. Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of IL-29 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for severe COVID-19 cases. Further research is needed to investigate the specific mechanisms through which IL-29 influences immune responses and contributes to the development of severe disease. Additionally, exploring other factors that may regulate SOCS1 and LYST expression could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Correlation of Liver Fibroscan Results with Liver Elastographyand Liver Enzymes in Patients with Fatty Liver
(Brieflands, 2025-03-31) Pegah Jahani; Mohammad Reza Fattahi; Mojtaba Neydavoodi; Zeinab Gholami
Background: Accurate diagnosis of fatty liver is crucial for prognosis and treatment planning. Objectives: This study aimed to correlate liver fibroscan results with shear wave elastography and liver enzyme levels in fatty liver patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 80 fatty liver patients from Shahid Motahari Clinic in Shiraz was examined over six months. Diagnoses were made using fibroscan (Echosense 500) and CAP scores, while the Hepatorenal Index was measured with shear wave elastography (Sypersonic, Aixplorer elit). Previous sonography reports were collected for correlation. Results: Patients’ average age was 50.91 years so that 45% were men, and 55% were women. About 78.8% diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound were also diagnosed by elastography (true positive). A weak, non-significant positive correlation was observed between the Ratio and CAP score (r = 0.18, P = 0.87). ALT predicted fatty liver by elastography with 83.6% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. Few studies in Iran have explored elastography and fibroscan correlation in fatty liver. Conclusions: Shear wave elastography is a valuable non-invasive technique for predicting fatty liver.
Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Isolates in Southeast Iran, Zahedan
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Zakaria Bameri; Mojdeh Jahantigh; Abdolrahman Fasihi Nasab; Amirhossein Vahid; Mandana Elmi
Background: Enterococci are clinically significant, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems, which are recognized as a critical contributor to nosocomial infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles and vancomycin-resistance Enterococcus (VRE) isolates in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Ali Ibne Abi Talib Hospital from March 2019 to February 2022. Clinical samples included urine, blood, abscesses and other body fluids from patients referred to this hospital during the study period. A total of 3000 patients were included in the study, and the Kirby-Bauer method was used to test isolates identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics for antibiotic susceptibility. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 3000 culture-positive clinical samples comprised of 82 urine, ten blood, one tracheal, two wound, and one pulmonary isolate, were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (69.1%), Enterococcus faecium (7.3%), and Enterococcus spp. (23.6%). Moreover, two-thirds of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Although 66.7% and 63.9% were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid, resistance to ciprofloxacin (74.2%) and ampicillin (65.9%) was frequently observed. Nitrofurantoin or linezolid were the only effective antibiotics for UTIs. In addition, 50% of isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Conclusions: Based on the results, a combination of vancomycin/or linezolid and nitrofurantoin for urine infections was effective against Enterococci in this clinical center. Nevertheless, continuous and frequent surveillance for resistance patterns is necessary for the reasonable and evidence-based use of antibiotics.
The survival rate of self-immolators in Kermanshah Province 2010- 2011
(Brieflands, 2013-12-30) Farid Najafi; Touraj Ahmadijouybari; Mehdi Moradinazar; Maria Ataie; Behzad karamimatin; Reza karamimatin; Masoumeh Hatami; Afshin Almasi
Background: Self-immolation is one of the most violent methods of suicide, which is spreading in Iran. The highest rate of deaths due to committing suicide and self-immolation in Iran is observed in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted to study the survival rate and the factors that influence survival among the ones who commit self-immolation in Kermanshah province.
Illicit Drug Use and the Associated Factors Among University Students: A Report in the Southwest of Iran
(Brieflands, 2020-06-30) Haleh Ghaem; Sima Afrashteh; Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi; Ali Gholami; Leila Nami Nazari; Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo; Hamid Reza Tabatabaee
Background: Illicit drug use is a major public health concern among university students. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and the associated factors in a population of Iranian university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bushehr, located in the Northwest of Iran in 2017. The participants were selected randomly and included 977 university students. Anonymous, structured questionnaires were completed by the students. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of data on illicit drug use, smoking habits, sexual behaviors, alcohol consumption, physical fights, religious beliefs, parental support, and illicit drug use by the family members and friends. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of illicit drug use during the lifetime, past year, past month, and daily/almost daily was estimated at 4%, 3.3%, 2.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants, opium, and heroin was 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.5%, and 0.1%, respectively. After adjustment for other factors, male gender (OR = 4.06), working along with education (OR = 2.33), smoking habits (OR = 4.00), physical fights (OR = 4.04), and illicit drug use by friends (OR = 2.71) were associated with illicit drug use. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of illicit drug use was relatively low, albeit significant, among the students in Bushehr. Among the determined factors associated with this issue, illicit drug use was strongly correlated with drug use by friends. Our findings could be used for the planning and evaluation of interventions based on the related risk factors.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Sea Anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni) Isolated Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus), and Pseudoalteromonas (P. gelatinilytica and P. piscicida) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Brieflands, 2021-03-31) Neda Fazeli; Akram Sadat Naeemi; Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali; Hojjatolah Zamani
Background: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important human bacterial pathogens, which are resistant to several antibiotics. One of the main causes of their resistance is the ability of biofilm formation. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the extracts of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas gelatinilytica, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida isolated from sea anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Methods: Four isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical and molecular identification methods, and their extracts were obtained by mixing the cell-free supernatants from their old broth culture using ethyl acetate and methanol as the solvents. The agar well-diffusion and micro-dilution methods were also applied to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts. The ability of the extracts to inhibit biofilm formation and disrupt the preformed biofilm of the pathogens was attained through crystal violet staining in 96-well microtiter plates. To determine the nature of the extracts, they were exposed to protease enzyme, and the antibiofilm activity was compared with the untreated extracts. Results: The extracts of the four isolated bacteria inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation and disrupted the preformed biofilm of S. aureus (MIC = BIC = 600 µg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC = BIC = 300 µg/mL). In addition, the active compounds of the extracts with antibiofilm activities were mainly proteases. Conclusions: According to the results, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, P. gelatinilytica, and P. piscicida had antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and their extract could also be further analyzed as an alternative to antibiotics.
The Correlation of Nrf2 rs6721961 Variants with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Kurdistan of Iraq
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Gulshan Omar Ahmed; Zohreh Rahimi; Ebrahim Shakiba; Rozita Nasari; Fatemeh Khadir; Maryam Kohsari
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease that the interaction of genetic background with environmental factors could enhance its risk. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects cells against oxidative damage and toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the Nrf2 gene variants with the risk of T2DM and obesity in the Kurdistan of Iraq. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 individuals categorized into 4 groups: 67 obese T2DM patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), 65 normal BMI diabetic patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 62 obese non-diabetics, and 56 normal BMI non-diabetic individuals. The Nrf2 rs6721961 variants were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme of NgoMIV. Results: In the obese T2DM group, the levels of waist, and wrist circumference were significantly more than those of obese non-diabetic controls. Total antioxidant capacity level was not significantly different comparing patients with their controls. The Nrf2 T allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in normal BMI patients. In addition, carrying the T allele significantly reduced the risk of obesity. Conclusions: According to the results, significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters was detected in obese T2DM compared with obese non-diabetic controls. The T allele of Nrf2 decreased T2DM risk among patients with normal BMI and obesity risk among Kurdish residents of Iraq. The findings of our research can be used in the prevention and management of T2DM by improving lifestyle habits.
Sleep disturbance associated factors in menopausal women
(Brieflands, 2011-11-20) Neda Ekbatani; Simin Taavoni; Neda Ekbatani; Hamid Haghani
: Background: Sleep is necessary in life and approximately 1/3 of human life is devoted to sleep. One of the most common problems in menopausal women is sleep disturbance. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of sleep disorders and its related factors in 50 – 60 years old women
Quality of life in patients inhabiting in chronic mental patients care center
(Brieflands, 2014-02-28) Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi; Seyed Abolfazl Ghoreishi; Reza Mollaei; Mehrzad Naseri
: The present descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out on all chronic mental patients inhabiting in chronic mental patient care center in Zanjan. All mental patients were evaluated by WHOQOL and Zung anxiety and depression questionnaires. The means for quality of life in physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental factors domains were 17.28, 13.69, 14.48, and 16/16, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the means of quality of life and depression for all domains, except environmental factors domain. Depression was the most significant predictor of quality of life among other variables.
Temperament and personal character relationship with symptoms of schizophrenia disorder
(Brieflands, 2011-11-20) Abbas Abolghasemi; Mohammad Bahari; Mohammad Narimani; Adel Zahed
Background: Knowledge is limited concerning the role of temperament and character factors on schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that dimensions of temperament and character influence symptoms and functions in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between temperament and character with positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Isolates in Iran: A Systematic Review
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Mohammad Hosein Zamanian; Armin Naghipour; Zeinab Mohseni Afshar; Negar Pourtaieb; Zahra Naghibifar
Context: The widespread use of biocides containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in medical centers has led to resistant strains of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of genes resistant to antiseptics in Iranian bacterial isolates. Methods: The present study was conducted as a systematic review. The keywords in the titles or abstracts of articles published in Persian and English were monitored. The search was performed in databases without a time limit. Results: The results showed a total of 975 bacterial isolates. The most common disinfectant-resistant genes in gram-positive isolates were QacAB genes, with an average of 28.48; SMR gene, with an average of 19.8; and qacE and qacEΔ1 genes, with an average of 45 in gram-negative isolates. Gram-negative isolates containing qacE and qacEΔ1 genes were mainly detected in patients hospitalized in intensive care, internal diseases, and infectious diseases wards and from trachea and urine samples. Conclusions: The unique conditions of the intensive care units and the use of invasive tools such as urinary catheters were the leading causes of infection with resistant pathogens. In addition, diversity in infection control measures like the type, amount, and concentration of disinfectants used in different hospital departments were other reasons for resistance to antiseptics in medical environments. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics caused microbial resistance in the same way antibiotics did not affect many microbial diseases, and arbitrary use caused the highest microbial resistance.
Comparison of general health status and sleeping quality of shift workers in a car industry workshop 2008
(Brieflands, 2010-12-20) Hamidreza Mokarami; Hosein Kakooei; Alireza Dehdashti; Younes Jahani; Hosein Ebrahimi
Background: Sleeping disturbances considered as a remarkable health problem among shift workers, which may lead to physical and mental disorders. This study aimed to examine the sleeping quality and its relationships with the general health among shift workers in a metal press workshop.
Color Preference and Rejection in Schizophrenic and Normal Subjects
(Brieflands, 2004-06-20) SS Sadr; B Arbabi
Introduction: There has been an increasing interest in studies dealing with the relationship between mental disorders and color preference. This study was tailored to evaluate color preference or rejection in schizophrenic and normal subjects.
Frequency of Infectious Agents After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Various Regions of Iran (2001 - 2017): A Systematic Review
(Brieflands, 2021-12-31) Mandana Afsharian; Leila Hamzelo; Alireza Janbakhsh; Feizollah Mansouri; Babak Sayad; Siavash Vaziri; Mohsen Azizi; Mohammad Hossein Zamanian; Maede Noori
Context: Infections are a major cause of disease and mortality in transplant recipients. Despite the studies conducted in Iran, no comprehensive and general research is available in this area. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of infectious agents in patients after bone marrow transplantation in Iran. Method: In this systematic review, relevant studies were selected based on type and objective, and data were collected from the articles published in Iran regarding the frequency of infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation in different regions of Iran. The studies were collected using systematic search methods. Results: In total, 11 studies were identified regarding infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation. Six studies were conducted in Tehran, three studies were performed in Shiraz, and Mashhad and Semnan provinces were the locations of two separate studies. Most of the case studies identified viral agents (54.5%; n = 6), followed by fungal infectious agents (27.3%; n = 3) and bacterial agents (18.2%; n = 2). Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation. Conclusions: According to the results, viral, fungal, and bacterial infectious agents were respectively most frequent in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation.
The Efficacy of Melatonin and Clonidine in Preventing Emergence Delirium in the Elderly Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and General Surgery: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Aliakbar Esmaeili; Ali Fanoodi; Amirhossein Ebrahimi; Malihe Zangoue; Soroush Khojasteh-Kaffash
Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a complication after surgeries due to general anesthesia. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin and clonidine, which are hypothesized to have a curative effect on ED. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-way parallel clinical trial was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2019 - 2020 who were selected using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were age > 65 years and preoperative Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) score ≥ 8. The exclusion criteria were suffering from any chronic diseases. Participants were divided into 3 groups: Placebo, clonidine, and melatonin groups who received placebo, 100 μg clonidine, and 5 mg melatonin, respectively. A first dose was administered at bedtime before surgery, a second dose 90 minutes before the procedure. An AMT and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to determine ED. Results: This study included 150 patients with a mean and standard deviation of 74.6 ± 6.8 years. According to AMT and MMSE, there was no significant difference in the level of ED between groups on the first, second, and third days after surgery (P > 0.05). Emergence delirium levels in the clonidine and melatonin groups were lower than in the placebo group. According to AMT and MMSE, ED was not significantly correlated gender, age, and type of surgery. Emergence delirium was significantly associated with postoperative bleeding and electrolyte disturbance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin and clonidine did not affect the occurrence of ED in the elderly undergoing surgery, but these medications could slightly reduce their occurrence.
Effect of Endurance Exercise Along with Strawberry Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Inactive Young Women
(Brieflands, 2019-09-30) Zaher Etemad; Zhino Rasouli
Background: Herbal supplementation with moderate- and high-intensity aerobic exercise affects obesity-related factors, especially the lipid profile and inflammatory markers. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of endurance training with strawberry extract supplementation on inflammatory markers and the lipid profile in healthy inactive women. Methods: The subjects included inactive women aged 20 - 30 years, who were randomly divided into two groups: (a) The endurance exercise + supplementation group (n = 12) and (b) The endurance exercise + placebo group (n = 12). The supplementation group received 100-mg strawberry extract supplement twice per day for two weeks. After the supplementation, the exercise protocol was carried out, which included a session of endurance exercise within 75% - 80% of the maximum heart rate on the treadmill for 30 minutes. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention to determine the lipid profile and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in TC, TG and LDL-C and a significant increase in HDL-C after the supplementation, but no significant changes were observed in the placebo group. Fibrinogen concentrations decreased significantly following the supplementation. Meanwhile, no significant increase was observed in the groups after the endurance exercise (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained and the benefits of dried strawberry powder on cardiovascular risk factor control, supplementation following exercise training are recommended for improving the physiological function of inactive people who are prone to dyslipidemia and inflammation.
Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2021-03-15) Jinous Manouchehri; Yadollah Rashidi
Rapid diagnosis in patients with acute pancreatitis is essential to optimal therapeutic outcomes. Upon clinical suspicion, various methods could be used to confirm the diagnosis based on the symptoms and examinations. Laboratory tests are an important diagnostic method in this regard based on the increased serum amylase/lipase. In this study, we described the case of a 31-year-old male patient presenting with the clinical signs of pancreatitis with normal amylase and elevated triglyceride in the follow-up. In case of strong clinical suspicion, other tests and diagnostic methods are recommended to confirm acute pancreatitis.
The relationship between addiction to internet and adolescence’s tendency toward opposite sex, sexual behaviors, alcohol, aggression, chatting and hacking
(Brieflands, 2016-01-30) Mehri Mowlaie; Setareh Jani
Background: Given the importance of adolescent period and impact of internet and virtual communication tools on high risk behaviors, this research was conducted to examine the relationship between addiction to internet and adolescent’s tendency toward opposite sex, sexual behaviors, alcohol, aggression, chatting and hacking.
Validation of relapse timeline followback interview among Narcotics Anonymous clients
(Brieflands, 2015-09-20) Mohammad Javad Khademi; Nader Monirpoor
Background: Relapse is commonly defined as a return to substance use after a period of abstinence. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the timeline followback interview for substance abuse among the Narcotics Anonymous clients

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