Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study
| Author | Roghieh Alizadeh | en |
| Author | Seyedeh Reyhaneh Yousefi Sharami | en |
| Author | Zeinab Hemmati | en |
| Author | Fariba Seyedoshohadaei | en |
| Author | Nasrin Soofizadeh | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-06-30 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most prevalent benign tumors among women of reproductive age and are associated with significant morbidity. According to recent data, vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to their onset and progression. Objectives: To examine the relationship between uterine leiomyomas and blood vitamin D levels in premenopausal women. Methods: Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 200 women participated in this age-matched case-control study at Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. 100 women with ultrasound-confirmed leiomyomas (≥ 2 cm) were enrolled as cases, and 100 women without leiomyomas served as controls. To reduce measurement bias, all ultrasounds were performed by a single radiologist, and standardized morning blood sampling was used. Demographic data were collected via questionnaires, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified using the Arya Mabna enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Fibroid characteristics were assessed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound. Logistic regression, chi-square, and t-tests were applied in Stata 16. Results: Women with leiomyomas had a considerably lower mean blood vitamin D level than controls (19.96 ± 10.78 vs. 26.46 ± 13.29 ng/mL, P = 0.009). Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was associated with a 3.5-fold higher risk of leiomyoma (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.36 - 8.99). Mean fibroid volume was significantly greater among vitamin D-deficient women (236,757 ± 250,416 mm³) compared to those with sufficient levels (41,602 ± 65,573 mm³, P = 0.003). Vitamin D levels did not significantly correlate with the number or type of fibroid. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with the presence and larger volume of uterine leiomyomas, although no significant correlations were found with fibroid type or number. These findings support the potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive or therapeutic option. Larger prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm these associations. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jnms-166896 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jnms/articles/166896 | en |
| Keyword | Leiomyoma | en |
| Keyword | Uterine | en |
| Keyword | Fibroid | en |
| Keyword | Vitamin D Deficiency | en |
| Keyword | Case-Control Studies | en |
| Keyword | Fibroid Volume | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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