Multifocal Dactylitis as a Consequence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination in a Patient With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, is administrated to all newborn infants in endemic regions according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Case Presentation: We report a 10-month-boy who was a known case of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) admitted with multi-focal fusiform painful swelling in his hands. He had undergone bone marrow transplantation 7 weeks before admission. Multidisciplinary management was done to treat this rare post-transplant occurrence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin complication. Conclusions: BCG vaccination administrated routinely in Iran, given that of no screening program for primary immune deficiency currently achieved in our country, exact attention to reschedule of immunization programs in suspicious newborn (with primary immune deficiency) always is necessary and is one of the most effective strategy to prevent BCG complication.