Antitumor Potential of <i>Xantolis cambodiana</i> on Human Lung Cancer: Insights Into Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Selective Cytotoxicity
| Author | Patcharaporn Chaisri | en |
| Author | Nonglak Laoprom | en |
| Author | Benjaporn Buranrat | en |
| Orcid | Benjaporn Buranrat [0000-0002-1554-6327] | en |
| Issued Date | 2026-02-28 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Xantolis cambodiana, a Southeast Asian medicinal plant traditionally used to treat inflammation and infections, has not yet been systematically evaluated for its anticancer potential. Objectives: This study investigated the anticancer effects of 4 X. cambodiana extract fractions, including distilled water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane, on human lung cancer A549 cells and explored the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cells were treated with the extracts, and viability and migration were assessed using sulforhodamine B, colony formation, and wound-healing assays. Apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: All fractions showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity at 72 hours, with hexane being the most potent fraction (IC₅₀, 78.18 ± 1.61 μg/mL), followed by ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Ethyl acetate suppressed colony formation comparably to hexane. At 250 μg/mL, distilled water, methanol, and hexane significantly inhibited cell migration. The extracts induced late apoptosis, most prominently with methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane (P < 0.05), and triggered autophagy, with the strongest effect observed in the ethyl acetate fraction. These effects were associated with increased ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting ROS-mediated cell death. Conclusions: Xantolis cambodiana extracts demonstrated potent anticancer activity in A549 cells through apoptosis induction and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting their therapeutic potential for lung cancer. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-170840 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/jjnpp/articles/170840 | en |
| Keyword | Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) | en |
| Keyword | <i>Xantolis cambodiana</i> | en |
| Keyword | Apoptosis | en |
| Keyword | Mitochondrial Dysfunction | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Antitumor Potential of <i>Xantolis cambodiana</i> on Human Lung Cancer: Insights Into Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Selective Cytotoxicity | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |