Exploring Factors Influencing Non-medical Students’ Individual Health Responsibility During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Abstract

Background: Individual health responsibility is especially important during biological events, as it can lessen their impact and enhance community health. Objectives: The present study explores factors affecting individual health responsibility among non-medical students facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted based on Graneheim and Lundman’s approach. The study included non-medical students from various fields, including engineering, psychology, economics, management, arts, and agricultural sciences, who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were purposively selected based on first-hand experience, willingness to participate, and share insights. Participant withdrawal constituted the exclusion criterion. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (18 participants, 45 - 60 minutes each) were conducted and analyzed selectively. The validity of the findings was ensured following Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Results: The analysis of interview data from 6 male and 12 female participants with bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees (mean age = 34.88 years) revealed four primary thematic categories: (1) The debilitating nature of COVID-19; (2) socio-cultural challenges; (3) individual capacity; and (4) community health infrastructure. Conclusions: The results indicate that various factors influence individual health responsibility during biological events, particularly the nature of these events and social dynamics. Understanding these factors can help policymakers enhance positive influences and address barriers. Future research should focus on modifying these influential factors.