Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-control Study
| Author | Mohammadreza Salehi | en |
| Author | Nasim Khajavirad | en |
| Author | Ilad Alavi Darazam | en |
| Author | Seyed Jamal Hashemi | en |
| Author | Saham Ansari | en |
| Author | Fereshteh Ghiasvand | en |
| Author | Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali | en |
| Author | Alireza Izadi | en |
| Author | Reyhaneh Sadat Kiyaei | en |
| Author | Arash Seifi | en |
| Author | Sara Abolghasemi | en |
| Author | Firouze Hatami | en |
| Author | Teun Boekhout | en |
| Author | Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi | en |
| Author | Sadegh Khodavaisy | en |
| Orcid | Mohammadreza Salehi [0000-0002-1987-5929] | en |
| Orcid | Ilad Alavi Darazam [0000-0002-4440-335X] | en |
| Orcid | Seyed Jamal Hashemi [0000-0002-1834-6822] | en |
| Orcid | Saham Ansari [0000-0002-1623-5803] | en |
| Orcid | Alireza Izadi [0000-0002-3544-829X] | en |
| Orcid | Arash Seifi [0000-0002-6174-0315] | en |
| Orcid | Teun Boekhout [0000-0002-0476-3609] | en |
| Orcid | Sadegh Khodavaisy [0000-0001-8039-4991] | en |
| Issued Date | 2021-10-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: With the emergence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, health care systems have faced the biggest challenge in recent decades. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify risk factors associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The total number of confirmed COVID-19 patients was 218 (105 cases with OPC and 113 controls without OPC). The questionnaire used in this study consisted of demographic data, treatment strategy, clinical and laboratory data, and underlying diseases collected from the onset of clinical OPC until the end of hospitalization. Results: Pseudomembranous candidiasis (77/105, 73.3%) was the most prevalent form of OPC in case patients. The majority of the cases (58.1%) and controls (58.4%) were males. Increasing age (P = 0.03) and hospitalization length (P = 0.016) were significantly associated with OPC in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes (P = 0.003), solid tumor (P = 0.019), and hypertension (P = 0.000) were the most common underlying conditions. The use of dentures (P = 0.003) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.000) were related to OPC in the case group. Therapy with chloroquine (P = 0.012), IVIG (P = 0.001), diuretics (P = 0.000), and corticosteroid pulse therapy (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with developing OPC in case patients. Conclusions: Old age, hospitalization length, poor oral hygiene, corticosteroids use, diabetes, solid tumor, and hypertension may predispose COVID-19 patients to develop OPC. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.114631 | en |
| Keyword | Oropharyngeal Candidiasis | en |
| Keyword | COVID-19 | en |
| Keyword | Risk Factors | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-control Study | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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